World Ranking of Research Integrity

WRIR · 2026-01-02T15:19:07Z
The World Ranking of Research Integrity (WRIR) summarizes patterns observed in a retraction-indexed corpus and attributes them to countries and institutions using OpenAlex affiliation links. The resulting indicators describe integrity risk exposure and detection dynamics rather than intent, adjudication, or legal responsibility. This run covers 3,974 retracted papers with DOI-level time-to-retraction derived from Retraction Watch dates and country and institution attribution derived from OpenAlex institutions. DOI enrichment coverage in OpenAlex is 83.0%. Concentration is material: the top ten countries account for 78.0% of total country score, and the top fifty institutions account for 17.7% of total institution score. The median time-to-retraction is 672 days with an interquartile range from 449 to 1246 days.
Papers
3,974
Retracted works with DOI and valid dates
Countries
113
OpenAlex-attributed country coverage
Institutions
3,568
OpenAlex-attributed institutional coverage
OpenAlex coverage
83.0%
DOIs resolved to affiliation metadata
This report describes patterns in a retraction-indexed corpus and attributes them using affiliation links. Scores reflect observable integrity risk exposure and detection dynamics rather than intent or adjudication.
Countries
Countries
Institutions
Time-to-retraction
Reasons
Subjects
Retraction year
Country table
Hover over column headers for definitions. Sort by clicking headers. Search is case-insensitive.
country_codescoremedian_ttr_daysreason_entropytop_reasonrank
CN1351.5404761904763850.04.219884804071734Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1
IN359.2944444444444651.04.28547321285687Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;2
RU190.80436507936508490.01.3291921499675272Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;3
US134.978571428571431365.05.043361020132469Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;4
SA122.60241702741702743.04.768645159890042Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;5
IR109.947619047619041132.04.421832218878167Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;6
PK92.12344877344877878.03.7907882184392787Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;7
IQ88.77182539682539640.02.70718401313054Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;8
EG68.117496392496391122.04.058484623979711Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;9
UZ55.892857142857146490.01.3001982346171927Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;10
GB39.63333333333333753.53.879287786644783Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;11
KR36.75743.54.15089161937435Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;12
JP35.269047619047621599.03.584545199695126Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;13
TR32.8266233766233741067.03.2703647884741693Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;14
MY32.006782106782104870.03.8637207178103004Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;15
NG28.185714285714287854.03.658162873816453Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;16
IT25.1690476190476181842.03.6214123503192424Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;17
NP24.03333333333333640.00.41764561734613204Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;18
FR23.859523809523811640.03.560176286155653Error in Image;Error in Text;Updated to Retraction;19
DE23.081746031746032705.03.552982602894848Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;20
AU21.842857142857141189.03.703959552223543Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;21
ZA19.187301587301587616.02.725955807352578Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;22
CA18.116666666666667640.02.425972726969528Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;23
ES17.759523809523811323.53.265949256379148Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;24
KZ17.72156.52.430955436028387Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;25
BD17.224242424242423773.52.7177958496610963Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;26
PL16.294444444444444469.02.574031148689513Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;27
TW16.1547619047619051070.03.5398587972053455Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;28
VN15.2539682539682531236.03.184916739512241Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;29
ID12.295238095238096845.52.9252027641711082Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;30
UA11.75421.01.3685960384567024Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;31
HK10.509523809523811170.02.9381824546861237Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;32
BR10.25952380952381767.02.7516666169315167Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;33
ET10.15676.02.6393405872324323Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;34
TH9.721825396825396843.02.778225413018444Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;35
AE8.02106782106782652.03.183922421665312Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;36
CY7.501190476190477942.02.508825821267811Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;37
HU7.383333333333333543.02.7555497906641797Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;38
JO6.540909090909091488.02.8215638078603646Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;39
MA6.45434.02.253857589601352Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;40
CZ6.433333333333334879.02.0330001999799117Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;41
GR5.75688.01.539654447440098Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;42
LB5.45568.52.890371757896165Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);43
SK5.0333333333333331075.02.098147389135067Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;44
IE5.04231.51.9061547465398496Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;45
NL4.9166666666666663355.52.3025850929940455Author Unresponsive;Bias Issues or Lack of Balance;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;46
RO4.4928571428571431303.02.7516666169315167Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);47
AZ4.283333333333333490.01.15374194270109Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;48
IL4.2833333333333331313.01.7478680974667573Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;49
BY4.2694444444444441786.02.3693821196946763Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;50
LT4.25478.01.6674619334292948Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;51
MO4.251060.01.798652206252129Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;52
QA4.174242424242424426.02.1458417525947544Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;53
NO4.1666666666666661312.52.0794415416798357Author Unresponsive;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;54
AM4.0490.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;55
TN3.9206349206349205892.02.351673301904631Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;56
GH3.9166666666666665684.51.559581156259877Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;57
OM3.81666666666666641279.02.484906649788001Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;58
DK3.611111111111111751.02.0794415416798357Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;59
PH3.5595238095238093736.01.559581156259877Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;60
BE3.47619047619047631239.01.945910149055313Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;61
NZ3.4261904761904765851.01.5810937501718239Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;False/Forged Authorship;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;62
CH3.3666666666666667403.02.1972245773362196Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;63
SE3.283333333333333534.02.1972245773362196Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Plagiarism of Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);64
MX3.0928571428571425435.01.9061547465398496Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Updated to Retraction;65
YE2.95162.01.7480673485460891Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;66
GE2.833333333333333322.51.9061547465398496Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);67
SG2.71633.01.945910149055313Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Animal Welfare;Concerns/Issues about Image;Contamination of Cell Lines/Tissues;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;68
DZ2.50555555555555551028.01.7478680974667573Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;69
EC2.4075757575757573775.02.1972245773362196Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Plagiarism of Text;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;70
KE2.3666666666666667469.01.3321790402101223Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;71
BG2.2490.00.6365141682948128Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;72
FI2.1666666666666665588.01.3862943611198906Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;73
PE2.067857142857143609.01.945910149055313Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;74
KG2.0490.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;75
PT1.9166666666666665791.01.7917594692280547Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Image;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;76
SD1.9492.01.242453324894Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;77
AL1.8333333333333333372.51.3862943611198906Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;78
ZW1.8333333333333333469.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;79
RS1.75713.01.0986122886681096Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;80
CO1.71279.01.0986122886681096Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;81
SY1.5909090909090908396.01.0986122886681096Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);82
PS1.5666666666666667124.00.9502705392332347Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;83
CL1.5333333333333332743.01.6094379124341005Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;84
KW1.33333333333333331008.01.3862943611198906Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;85
AT1.3333333333333333795.50.6931471805599453Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Updated to Retraction;86
MT1.3262.01.0986122886681096Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;87
AR1.2434.50.6931471805599453Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Unreliable Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;88
MD1.0490.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;89
BW0.91666666666666662253.00.6365141682948128Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;90
BA0.8666666666666667951.01.0986122886681096Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;91
MW0.8333333333333333320.00.6931471805599453Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;92
ML0.66666666666666662274.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;93
DO0.52084.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Company/Institution;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Salami Slicing;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;94
BF0.5944.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;95
CU0.54332.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;96
HN0.51709.0-0.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;97
SN0.54706.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);98
CR0.56423.0-0.0Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;99
RW0.5101.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Error in Analyses;Error in Data;Lack of Approval from Author;Lack of Approval from Third Party;100
MK0.5118.0-0.0Error by Journal/Publisher;101
AF0.43333333333333335482.50.6931471805599453Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;102
ZM0.3666666666666667319.50.6931471805599453Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Article;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;103
EE0.3333333333333333862.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;104
FJ0.3333333333333333423.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;105
MZ0.3333333333333333490.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;106
GT0.3333333333333333279.0-0.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;107
KY0.33333333333333331189.0-0.0Error in Data;Error in Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;108
NA0.3333333333333333469.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;109
BH0.2400.0-0.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;110
IS0.2132.0-0.0Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Notice - Limited or No Information;Removed;111
NE0.21699.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;112
SX0.1262.0-0.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;113
Institution table
The table shows the top 2000 institutions by score for responsive rendering.
institution_idinstitution_namescoremedian_ttr_daystop_reasonrank
https://openalex.org/I876193797Vellore Institute of Technology University31.60952380952381801.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1
https://openalex.org/I85461943Saveetha University31.342832167832167632.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;2
https://openalex.org/I28022161King Saud University29.514434176934177630.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Updated to Retraction;3
https://openalex.org/I63354593Sichuan Normal University28.01238.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;4
https://openalex.org/I110360157Lovely Professional University22.147258297258297469.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;5
https://openalex.org/I4210097717Don State Technical University21.333333333333332490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;6
https://openalex.org/I4210129773Institute of Engineering16.476190476190478640.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;7
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https://openalex.org/I9224756Northeastern University4.333333333333333860.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;104
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https://openalex.org/I180726961Shenzhen University3.88376623376623351221.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;120
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https://openalex.org/I80947539Fuzhou University3.7548.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;130
https://openalex.org/I159253421Cape Peninsula University of Technology3.7469.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;131
https://openalex.org/I4210158000ILMA University3.68690476190476171160.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;132
https://openalex.org/I181877577Shanxi University3.66666666666666651025.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;133
https://openalex.org/I166809047Stavropol State Agrarian University3.6666666666666665490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;134
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https://openalex.org/I163732180Guangxi University of Finance and Economics3.333333333333333686.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;164
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https://openalex.org/I4210162355Jinan City People's Hospital3.0526.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;200
https://openalex.org/I137616099Tshwane University of Technology3.0469.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;201
https://openalex.org/I9086337Taiyuan University of Technology3.01296.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;202
https://openalex.org/I1308199089Harbin University3.0782.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;203
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https://openalex.org/I4210097945Linyi People's Hospital3.02288.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Image;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of Image;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;205
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https://openalex.org/I25254941Beijing Normal University3.02104.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;207
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https://openalex.org/I4210129459The Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University2.952380952380952868.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;209
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https://openalex.org/I3018263800Huzhou University2.9261904761904761305.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;211
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https://openalex.org/I136199984Harvard University2.8704887218045111365.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;214
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https://openalex.org/I78988378Renmin University of China2.7916666666666665675.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;224
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https://openalex.org/I172574986Kaunas University of Technology2.75421.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;230
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https://openalex.org/I59649739Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics2.6761904761904765606.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;237
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https://openalex.org/I4210103621Fujian Jiangxia University2.6666666666666665753.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;239
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https://openalex.org/I197081775Annamalai University2.64682539682539671775.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;241
https://openalex.org/I161106909Iran University of Medical Sciences2.6277777777777778960.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;242
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https://openalex.org/I4401200352Al-Farahidi University2.5859487734487736539.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;245
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https://openalex.org/I133903919Arak University of Medical Sciences2.5833333333333332193.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Updated to Retraction;247
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https://openalex.org/I158248296Amirkabir University of Technology2.56468253968253951458.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;250
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https://openalex.org/I161346416Jimei University2.4761904761904763421.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;271
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https://openalex.org/I129708740Fujian Medical University2.4166666666666665491.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;278
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https://openalex.org/I58048189Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences2.3385281385281385996.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;283
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https://openalex.org/I94948490B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology2.3333333333333331696.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;288
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https://openalex.org/I184693016China Medical University2.31805555555555551207.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Updated to Retraction;298
https://openalex.org/I12150220University of Mosul2.316941391941392726.0Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;299
https://openalex.org/I55383850Tashkent State University of Economics2.3125655.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;300
https://openalex.org/I43663321Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science2.3095238095238093617.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;301
https://openalex.org/I20107917Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research2.2928571428571427693.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;302
https://openalex.org/I188935350Anhui University of Finance and Economics2.2833333333333331179.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;303
https://openalex.org/I121243025International Islamic University, Islamabad2.2833333333333331255.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;304
https://openalex.org/I84248293Babol Noshirvani University of Technology2.25487.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;305
https://openalex.org/I4210098460Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine2.251088.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;306
https://openalex.org/I114982161Isfahan University of Medical Sciences2.252902.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;307
https://openalex.org/I195024194Riphah International University2.2448773448773447686.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;308
https://openalex.org/I205984670Czech University of Life Sciences Prague2.2333333333333334490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;309
https://openalex.org/I200606013Daffodil International University2.229761904761905910.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;310
https://openalex.org/I39333907Yanshan University2.2528.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;311
https://openalex.org/I4210097066Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital2.21016.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;312
https://openalex.org/I4210156804First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University2.2933.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;313
https://openalex.org/I71267560University of Naples Federico II2.23396.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;314
https://openalex.org/I148128674University of Shanghai for Science and Technology2.2743.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;315
https://openalex.org/I82760581Taizhou University2.19999999999999971007.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;316
https://openalex.org/I4210112770Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry2.166666666666667490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;317
https://openalex.org/I186272606Guangdong University of Foreign Studies2.1666666666666665837.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Conflict of Interest;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Misconduct - Official Investigation(s) and/or Finding(s);Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;318
https://openalex.org/I4210126504University of Al-Qadisiyah2.1666666666666665672.0Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;319
https://openalex.org/I53411278Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine2.1666666666666665632.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;320
https://openalex.org/I4210145099Xian Yang Central Hospital2.1666666666666665701.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;321
https://openalex.org/I112862951University of Messina2.16666666666666651966.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;322
https://openalex.org/I4210086248Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University2.16666666666666651181.5Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;323
https://openalex.org/I154093214Xinjiang Medical University2.1666666666666665723.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;324
https://openalex.org/I47251452Wake Forest University2.16666666666666651202.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Error in Text;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;325
https://openalex.org/I168879160Zhejiang University of Science and Technology2.1666666666666665559.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;326
https://openalex.org/I4210096899Jiangsu University of Science and Technology2.1666666666666665242.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;327
https://openalex.org/I17877952Sechenov University2.159203296703297884.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;328
https://openalex.org/I4101805Yıldız Technical University2.1583333333333331257.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;329
https://openalex.org/I126633494University of Basrah2.142857142857143672.0Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;330
https://openalex.org/I68986083Northwest Normal University2.142857142857143305.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;331
https://openalex.org/I120825670Yunnan Normal University2.142857142857143631.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;332
https://openalex.org/I25757504China University of Mining and Technology2.142857142857143679.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;333
https://openalex.org/I150807315Guangxi University2.1333333333333333787.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;334
https://openalex.org/I98499257Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education2.125798.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;335
https://openalex.org/I231025917Hellenic Open University2.1166666666666667696.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;336
https://openalex.org/I211738395Financial University2.111111111111111679.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;337
https://openalex.org/I9256017Islamic Azad University of Najafabad2.10694444444444431353.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;338
https://openalex.org/I1294182474Cihan University-Erbil2.102579365079365745.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Updated to Retraction;339
https://openalex.org/I4210159566Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami2.1490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;340
https://openalex.org/I165560825Mashhad University of Medical Sciences2.091666666666667443.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;341
https://openalex.org/I4210162753First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University2.08333333333333351036.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;342
https://openalex.org/I149137203Guiyang Medical University2.083333333333333649.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;343
https://openalex.org/I142108993Southwest University2.0833333333333331386.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;344
https://openalex.org/I885392262GITAM University2.0751090.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;345
https://openalex.org/I148099405Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology2.0690476190476191143.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;346
https://openalex.org/I130769515Pennsylvania State University2.067099567099567907.5Cites Retracted Work;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Data;347
https://openalex.org/I2800570007Renji Hospital2.05952380952380981823.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;348
https://openalex.org/I156144747Harbin Medical University2.04166666666666651264.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;349
https://openalex.org/I96478251Hunan Institute of Technology2.033333333333333500.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;350
https://openalex.org/I9842412Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics2.0333333333333331087.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;351
https://openalex.org/I196699116Wuhan University of Technology2.0333333333333331540.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;352
https://openalex.org/I99729588Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar2.01266.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of/in Article;Taken from Dissertation/Thesis;353
https://openalex.org/I60668342University of Regensburg2.0430.0Duplication of/in Image;Error in Text;Updated to Retraction;354
https://openalex.org/I193352282Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology2.01250.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Manipulation of Data;Manipulation of Images;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;355
https://openalex.org/I2799761305Government Medical College Thoothukudi2.0557.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;356
https://openalex.org/I4210134088Gulistan State University2.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;357
https://openalex.org/I4210134906First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology2.0648.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;358
https://openalex.org/I3131412887Jiangxi University of Technology2.01636.5Cites Retracted Work;Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;359
https://openalex.org/I4210164089Gaozhou People's Hospital2.0631.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;360
https://openalex.org/I4210123733The First People's Hospital of Changde2.0497.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;361
https://openalex.org/I184843921Hebei University of Technology2.02065.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;362
https://openalex.org/I3019350493Moscow State Agroengineering University named after V.P. Goryachkin2.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;363
https://openalex.org/I4210165547Dezhou University2.02134.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;364
https://openalex.org/I74525822Hubei University of Technology2.01286.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;365
https://openalex.org/I308837Suzhou University of Science and Technology2.01476.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;366
https://openalex.org/I2801109956Luxun Academy of Fine Arts2.0891.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;367
https://openalex.org/I2800517447Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts2.0689.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;368
https://openalex.org/I4210133784First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University2.0475.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);369
https://openalex.org/I2802390878Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital2.0482.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;370
https://openalex.org/I29739308Guangxi Normal University2.0354.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;371
https://openalex.org/I41549804Vidyasagar University2.0592.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;372
https://openalex.org/I167153416Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology2.0575.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;373
https://openalex.org/I4210100633Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University2.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;374
https://openalex.org/I4210119987Qingdao Municipal Hospital2.02335.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;375
https://openalex.org/I4210098369Institute of Disaster Prevention2.0589.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;376
https://openalex.org/I4210091792Ferghana Polytechnical Institute2.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;377
https://openalex.org/I4210162190China University of Petroleum, East China2.0435.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;378
https://openalex.org/I4210160474Shougang (China)2.02394.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;379
https://openalex.org/I4210100323Yelets State University named after Ivan Bunin2.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;380
https://openalex.org/I4210107571Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital2.01808.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;381
https://openalex.org/I4210110925Jiaozuo University2.0401.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;382
https://openalex.org/I4210111035Fujian Institute of Education2.0629.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;383
https://openalex.org/I4210119228Industrial University of Tyumen2.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;384
https://openalex.org/I4210118050Taishan University2.02606.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;385
https://openalex.org/I4210116869Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University2.02335.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;386
https://openalex.org/I154893126Guizhou Normal University2.0503.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;387
https://openalex.org/I4210114501Wollo University2.01600.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;388
https://openalex.org/I4210112851Cangzhou Normal University2.0455.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;389
https://openalex.org/I4210132741Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital1.9833333333333334977.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;390
https://openalex.org/I74319210Chitkara University1.97738095238095251091.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;391
https://openalex.org/I4210144482Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital1.96666666666666661096.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;392
https://openalex.org/I16365422Hefei University of Technology1.95833333333333331092.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;393
https://openalex.org/I4210156834Institute of Economics1.95557.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;394
https://openalex.org/I4210088963University of Ha'il1.95742.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;395
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https://openalex.org/I26080491Kunming Medical University1.94444444444444441261.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;397
https://openalex.org/I84524832Alexandria University1.926190476190476398.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;398
https://openalex.org/I4392021143University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa1.9178571428571427173.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;399
https://openalex.org/I4210142484Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University1.91666666666666651841.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Data;400
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https://openalex.org/I94234084Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur1.8119370825253178834.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;421
https://openalex.org/I90727586Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics1.81071428571428571209.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;422
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https://openalex.org/I126744593University of Maryland, Baltimore1.7916666666666667825.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;425
https://openalex.org/I195631090Majmaah University1.786111111111111771.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;426
https://openalex.org/I146620803Wenzhou University1.7857142857142856728.0Breach of Policy by Author;Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Copyright Claims;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Removed;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;427
https://openalex.org/I16197041Cyprus International University1.78452380952380941137.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;428
https://openalex.org/I107720978Ain Shams University1.78333333333333341210.0Concerns/Issues about Animal Welfare;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;429
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https://openalex.org/I31419693Kyungpook National University1.7769230769230768675.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;432
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https://openalex.org/I79571142Virtual University of Pakistan1.76785714285714281058.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;434
https://openalex.org/I129604602The University of Sydney1.76666666666666661155.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;435
https://openalex.org/I160344538Indian Institute of Chemical Biology1.754797.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Article;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Data;Error in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;436
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https://openalex.org/I4210140357Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University1.75601.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;439
https://openalex.org/I4210087761Henan University Huaihe Hospital and Huaihe Clinical Institute1.75408.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;440
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https://openalex.org/I61057504Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University1.751372.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;444
https://openalex.org/I66513531Fayoum University1.751011.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Data;445
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https://openalex.org/I2800838116University of Al Maarif1.5982905982905984846.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;482
https://openalex.org/I102254642University of Kirkuk1.5978535353535355440.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;483
https://openalex.org/I3040621137Alsalam University College1.588629426129426496.5Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;484
https://openalex.org/I111575329Bharathiar University1.58730158730158721376.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;485
https://openalex.org/I21193070Beijing Jiaotong University1.5833333333333333460.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;486
https://openalex.org/I4210162994Xijing University1.58333333333333331413.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;487
https://openalex.org/I185492890University of Canterbury1.5833333333333333833.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;False/Forged Authorship;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;488
https://openalex.org/I187400657South China Normal University1.58333333333333331550.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;489
https://openalex.org/I319874951Sichuan International Studies University1.5833333333333333696.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;490
https://openalex.org/I177739611Yangtze University1.5833333333333333510.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;491
https://openalex.org/I3131927718JECRC University1.5833333333333333445.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;492
https://openalex.org/I181903023Xi'an Shiyou University1.5833333333333333259.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;493
https://openalex.org/I1299303238National Institutes of Health1.58333333333333331775.0Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;Objections by Author(s);494
https://openalex.org/I146840658University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir1.58333333333333331428.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;495
https://openalex.org/I4210152119Jiangsu Province Hospital1.58333333333333332140.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;496
https://openalex.org/I4401726783VIT-AP University1.575517.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;497
https://openalex.org/I86310350Aswan University1.5751110.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;498
https://openalex.org/I52357470The Ohio State University1.55833333333333334523.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;499
https://openalex.org/I200296433Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College1.55555555555555563215.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;500
https://openalex.org/I120238654Saudi Electronic University1.55564.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;501
https://openalex.org/I919571938The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston1.5476190476190477498.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;502
https://openalex.org/I136830121Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch1.5428571428571431892.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;503
https://openalex.org/I79619799University of Birmingham1.53571428571428561312.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;504
https://openalex.org/I464993Barkatullah University1.5333333333333332482.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;505
https://openalex.org/I177933477Second Military Medical University1.53333333333333321328.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;506
https://openalex.org/I4210124427City College of Dongguan University of Technology1.53333333333333321069.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;507
https://openalex.org/I117331123Weifang Medical University1.5333333333333332933.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;508
https://openalex.org/I51185872Jining Medical University1.53333333333333322072.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;509
https://openalex.org/I51622183Shaanxi University of Science and Technology1.5333333333333332298.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;510
https://openalex.org/I4210162087Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University1.53333333333333321364.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;511
https://openalex.org/I178232147Guizhou University1.5289682539682539781.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;512
https://openalex.org/I182000528Ajman University1.526165501165501853.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;513
https://openalex.org/I173089394ITMO University1.503968253968254861.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;514
https://openalex.org/I3132702812Uttaranchal University1.503968253968254750.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;515
https://openalex.org/I4210101451Nanjing Institute of Industry Technology1.5798.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;516
https://openalex.org/I25355098Chang'an University1.5659.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;517
https://openalex.org/I23171815Zhengzhou University of Light Industry1.51093.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;518
https://openalex.org/I47410878Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University1.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;519
https://openalex.org/I193073490Siksha O Anusandhan University1.5401.0Author Unresponsive;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;520
https://openalex.org/I15664174Madurai Medical College1.5577.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;521
https://openalex.org/I4210138078Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University1.51003.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;522
https://openalex.org/I4510145Jiangxi University of Science and Technology1.51325.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;523
https://openalex.org/I44675526Shanghai Ocean University1.5518.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Error in Text;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;524
https://openalex.org/I120379545Inner Mongolia Agricultural University1.5816.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Data;525
https://openalex.org/I121691239Beihua University1.5487.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;526
https://openalex.org/I4400573233Jilin Business and Technology College1.5801.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;527
https://openalex.org/I66867065East China Normal University1.5316.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;528
https://openalex.org/I15823474Linyi University1.51668.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;529
https://openalex.org/I10535382Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications1.5511.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;530
https://openalex.org/I4210097338Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital1.51983.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;531
https://openalex.org/I27462735Yulin Normal University1.5627.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;532
https://openalex.org/I4210103904Tourism College of Zhejiang1.5638.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;533
https://openalex.org/I4210150172First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College1.5550.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Article;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Text;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;534
https://openalex.org/I4210153043Duke University Hospital1.55525.5Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Company/Institution;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;535
https://openalex.org/I145897649Minzu University of China1.5429.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;False/Forged Authorship;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;536
https://openalex.org/I4210096605V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography1.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;537
https://openalex.org/I4210126298Duke Medical Center1.55525.5Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Company/Institution;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;538
https://openalex.org/I183697816Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology1.5547.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;539
https://openalex.org/I4210126748Samara State University of Economics1.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;540
https://openalex.org/I93251985Irkutsk State University1.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;541
https://openalex.org/I3133134087Lanzhou Jiaotong University1.51296.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;542
https://openalex.org/I1313079697Southwest University of Political Science & Law1.5606.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;543
https://openalex.org/I4210165441Hangzhou Medical College1.51055.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;544
https://openalex.org/I74837319Jiangxi Agricultural University1.5625.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;545
https://openalex.org/I3129593085Chengdu Sport University1.5573.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;546
https://openalex.org/I4210122526Xi'an Siyuan University1.51130.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;547
https://openalex.org/I4210143276Yantaishan Hospital1.52143.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;548
https://openalex.org/I183764125Technical University of Košice1.51396.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;549
https://openalex.org/I4210091296Zhumadian Central Hospital1.5473.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;550
https://openalex.org/I88372448Dalian Polytechnic University1.51151.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;551
https://openalex.org/I4210094371Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology1.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;552
https://openalex.org/I4391012606AAA College of Engineering and Technology1.5640.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;553
https://openalex.org/I161350542China Three Gorges University1.5475.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;554
https://openalex.org/I142024983Prince Sultan University1.5742.0Cites Retracted Work;Objections by Author(s);555
https://openalex.org/I93477617Huizhou University1.51191.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;556
https://openalex.org/I192578869Chengde Medical University1.5691.0Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;557
https://openalex.org/I44673925Inner Mongolia Medical University1.5542.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;558
https://openalex.org/I13175533Fuyang Normal University1.51314.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;559
https://openalex.org/I4210162045Jinhua Central Hospital1.5811.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;560
https://openalex.org/I39343248Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin1.51650.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Manipulation of Data;Manipulation of Images;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;561
https://openalex.org/I170558118Sri Venkateswara University1.5520.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;562
https://openalex.org/I38756568Xinyang College of Agriculture and Forestry1.5423.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;563
https://openalex.org/I7901131Ufa State Petroleum Technological University1.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;564
https://openalex.org/I4210132304Obour Institutes1.5660.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;565
https://openalex.org/I55538621China Jiliang University1.51889.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;566
https://openalex.org/I4210133534Henan Provincial People's Hospital1.51048.5Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;567
https://openalex.org/I132210918North China Institute of Science and Technology1.51157.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;568
https://openalex.org/I9356336Zhangzhou Normal University1.51025.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;569
https://openalex.org/I4210103779National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry1.52454.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Updated to Retraction;570
https://openalex.org/I4210145049Anhui Institute of Information Technology1.5319.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;571
https://openalex.org/I4210096834Azerbaijan Scientific-Research & Design-Prospecting Power Engineering Institute1.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;572
https://openalex.org/I116265982Qinghai University1.5702.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;573
https://openalex.org/I1293555014Islamic Azad University of Tabriz1.4861111111111112729.0Author Unresponsive;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;574
https://openalex.org/I4210108113Yango University1.48333333333333341751.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;575
https://openalex.org/I20942203Hainan University1.4678571428571431059.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;576
https://openalex.org/I4210121333Istinye University1.45404.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;577
https://openalex.org/I161237661Lahore College for Women University1.4448773448773449613.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;578
https://openalex.org/I41775361Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch1.44444444444444442486.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);579
https://openalex.org/I3124704065University of Kurdistan1.4428571428571428844.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;580
https://openalex.org/I189196454The University of Texas at Arlington1.4333333333333333265.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;581
https://openalex.org/I4210101093St. Joseph's Institute of Technology1.4261904761904762722.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;582
https://openalex.org/I171210897Aligarh Muslim University1.4206349206349207749.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;583
https://openalex.org/I4387154466M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering1.4206349206349205612.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;584
https://openalex.org/I153374732Liaoning Normal University1.4166666666666665485.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;585
https://openalex.org/I3132008074Huangshan University1.41666666666666651058.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;586
https://openalex.org/I75900474Hubei University1.41666666666666652395.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;587
https://openalex.org/I99043593Macquarie University1.41349206349206342477.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Company/Institution;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);588
https://openalex.org/I4210102737Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology1.40396825396825391110.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;589
https://openalex.org/I196345858Chungnam National University1.4578.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;590
https://openalex.org/I81556334Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham1.4708.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;False/Forged Authorship;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;591
https://openalex.org/I47818738Sultan Qaboos University1.39682539682539672477.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;592
https://openalex.org/I3129897247Russian New University1.3958333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;593
https://openalex.org/I4210088328Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University1.3928571428571428841.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;594
https://openalex.org/I55712492Zhejiang University of Technology1.39285714285714281256.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;595
https://openalex.org/I4210087590Huzhou Vocational and Technical College1.375517.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;596
https://openalex.org/I59270414Indian Institute of Science Bangalore1.36997071555895071103.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;597
https://openalex.org/I4210128140Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology1.3666666666666667932.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;598
https://openalex.org/I4210136004University of Bisha1.3611111111111112287.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;599
https://openalex.org/I155043079University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus1.36031746031746041225.0Conflict of Interest;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Rogue Editor;600
https://openalex.org/I60559429Nazarbayev University1.35833333333333342512.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;601
https://openalex.org/I110525433Islamic Azad University, Tehran1.34507575757575771333.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;602
https://openalex.org/I99165933University of Gujrat1.34487734487734481191.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Error in Data;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;603
https://openalex.org/I113643904Beni-Suef University1.34090909090909081278.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;604
https://openalex.org/I95457486University of California, Berkeley1.33333333333333331020.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;605
https://openalex.org/I4210140902Volgograd State Technical University1.3333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;606
https://openalex.org/I4210164246First Hospital of Qinhuangdao1.33333333333333331419.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Article;607
https://openalex.org/I4210136682Heze University1.3333333333333333720.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;608
https://openalex.org/I13144388Ekiti State University1.33333333333333331542.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;609
https://openalex.org/I4210122799Presidio Ospedaliero1.33333333333333333357.5Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;610
https://openalex.org/I4210124205First Hospital of Shijiazhuang1.3333333333333333528.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;611
https://openalex.org/I4210136679Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine1.3333333333333333744.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;612
https://openalex.org/I175691731Pondicherry University1.33333333333333332268.5Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;613
https://openalex.org/I41208885Harbin University of Commerce1.33333333333333331325.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;614
https://openalex.org/I1299170990Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov1.3333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;615
https://openalex.org/I4210090773Anshun University1.3333333333333333780.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;616
https://openalex.org/I4210092956Vologda State Milk Academy named after NV Vereshchagina1.3333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;617
https://openalex.org/I4210127387Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences1.3333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;618
https://openalex.org/I4210104573CMR University1.33333333333333331076.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;619
https://openalex.org/I37987034Guangzhou University1.3333333333333333991.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;620
https://openalex.org/I4210140274Jinan Stomatological Hospital1.3333333333333333722.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;621
https://openalex.org/I1315279114Zhejiang Wanli University1.33333333333333331435.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;622
https://openalex.org/I39521962Hunan City University1.33333333333333331804.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;623
https://openalex.org/I4210158810Shenyang Sport University1.3333333333333333380.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;624
https://openalex.org/I4210135994China Railway Group (China)1.3333333333333333330.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;625
https://openalex.org/I2803035300Tallaght University Hospital1.33333333333333336666.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;626
https://openalex.org/I74872605China Southern Power Grid (China)1.33333333333333331163.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;627
https://openalex.org/I88126159Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute1.33333333333333331066.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;628
https://openalex.org/I4210156872Guizhou Institute of Technology1.3333333333333333435.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;629
https://openalex.org/I4210142182Tianjin Hospital1.33333333333333331114.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;630
https://openalex.org/I253188195Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology1.3333333333333333709.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;631
https://openalex.org/I55931168Cukurova University1.3333333333333333385.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Error in Image;632
https://openalex.org/I4210103175Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies1.3333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;633
https://openalex.org/I4210149885Taishan Medical University1.33333333333333332372.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;634
https://openalex.org/I894293524University of Chittagong1.3333333333333333874.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;635
https://openalex.org/I4210145393Hainan Agricultural School1.3333333333333333249.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;636
https://openalex.org/I139024713Guangdong University of Technology1.3333333333333333483.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;637
https://openalex.org/I27599042Xi'an Polytechnic University1.3333333333333333408.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;638
https://openalex.org/I8977528Dr. Hari Singh Gour University1.3333333333333333707.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;639
https://openalex.org/I153806059Shanghai Business School1.33333333333333331184.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;640
https://openalex.org/I157286207National University of Ireland, Maynooth1.33333333333333336666.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;641
https://openalex.org/I4871159University of Mazandaran1.33333333333333333363.5Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;642
https://openalex.org/I4210131061Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital1.3333333333333333538.0Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;643
https://openalex.org/I4210114541Tianjin People's Hospital1.33333333333333331826.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;644
https://openalex.org/I180664298Federal University of Technology1.32692307692307691594.0Concerns/Issues about Animal Welfare;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;Objections by Author(s);645
https://openalex.org/I149313025Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research1.3214285714285714780.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;646
https://openalex.org/I4210126829China Medical University Hospital1.3013888888888891207.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Updated to Retraction;647
https://openalex.org/I173268674Texas A&M University System1.29166666666666676725.0Investigation by Company/Institution;Unreliable Data;648
https://openalex.org/I906608882St Xavier’s College1.29166666666666651354.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;649
https://openalex.org/I4210156501First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University1.29166666666666651384.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;650
https://openalex.org/I141962983Shanghai University of Engineering Science1.2916666666666665649.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;651
https://openalex.org/I184983240Northeast Normal University1.2857142857142856784.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;652
https://openalex.org/I51226738Dong-A University1.28571428571428561323.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);653
https://openalex.org/I119004910Silesian University of Technology1.2617424242424242426.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;654
https://openalex.org/I173466955Iona College1.25952380952380951312.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;655
https://openalex.org/I4210133467Xi'an Aeronautical University1.25833.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;656
https://openalex.org/I4210103957Second Hospital of Shandong University1.25859.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;657
https://openalex.org/I4210131342Yibin University1.25359.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;658
https://openalex.org/I4210115326Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy1.25554.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;659
https://openalex.org/I48018076Christ University1.25681.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;660
https://openalex.org/I2800959905Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine1.25335.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;661
https://openalex.org/I4210127460Ningxia Medical University1.25702.0Author Unresponsive;Conflict of Interest;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;662
https://openalex.org/I4210164332Shenzhen Second People's Hospital1.251912.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;663
https://openalex.org/I3132067926Krirk University1.25530.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;664
https://openalex.org/I176432857Beijing Wuzi University1.25784.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;665
https://openalex.org/I179060312Northeast Electric Power University1.251088.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;666
https://openalex.org/I75689368Communication University of China1.25999.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;667
https://openalex.org/I4210086175Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan1.25490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;668
https://openalex.org/I4210166453China National Heavy Duty Truck Group (China)1.251079.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;669
https://openalex.org/I108160477Hebei Agricultural University1.25794.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;670
https://openalex.org/I4210107587Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University1.25793.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;671
https://openalex.org/I4210107865Wuzhou University1.25551.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;672
https://openalex.org/I91136226University of Sheffield1.25705.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Plagiarism of/in Article;673
https://openalex.org/I192805215Damghan University1.25805.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;674
https://openalex.org/I32625721University of Saskatchewan1.2361111111111112806.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;675
https://openalex.org/I4210110558Xi'an Technological University1.2361111111111112388.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;676
https://openalex.org/I263208278Hazara University1.2333333333333334614.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;False/Forged Authorship;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;677
https://openalex.org/I191420491Universidad de Jaén1.23333333333333341139.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;678
https://openalex.org/I17120543National University of Modern Languages1.20833333333333331254.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;679
https://openalex.org/I167383011Henan University of Science and Technology1.21528.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;680
https://openalex.org/I28210344Kakatiya University1.2457.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;681
https://openalex.org/I4210125143Chengdu University1.2328.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;682
https://openalex.org/I89652312Northwest A&F University1.2323.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;683
https://openalex.org/I55240360Yeungnam University1.194047619047619635.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Unreliable Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;684
https://openalex.org/I185523456University of Southern Queensland1.18333333333333331871.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;685
https://openalex.org/I4210149618Guangdong University of Finance1.17619047619047621248.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;686
https://openalex.org/I132735039University of Debrecen1.17619047619047621175.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;687
https://openalex.org/I201459984Guangdong University Of Finances and Economics1.17619047619047621248.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;688
https://openalex.org/I47508984Imperial College London1.17549019607843142024.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;689
https://openalex.org/I197854408University of Malta1.1726190476190477262.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;690
https://openalex.org/I51452335Panjab University1.16666666666666671559.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;691
https://openalex.org/I4210100953Xi'an University of Finance and Economics1.16666666666666671196.5Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;692
https://openalex.org/I1330688353Tashkent State Agrarian University1.1666666666666667490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;693
https://openalex.org/I158809036Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology1.1666666666666667736.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;694
https://openalex.org/I4210114339Deyang Stomatological Hospital1.16666666666666651188.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;695
https://openalex.org/I4210155994Zhengzhou Business University1.1666666666666665616.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;696
https://openalex.org/I4210128478Hainan General Hospital1.1666666666666665614.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;697
https://openalex.org/I110440473Xi'an University of Science and Technology1.16666666666666652079.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;698
https://openalex.org/I154851008Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee1.16666666666666653707.0Plagiarism of/in Article;699
https://openalex.org/I197869895Anhui Medical University1.1666666666666665371.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;700
https://openalex.org/I4392738314Guilin Tourism University1.1666666666666665483.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;701
https://openalex.org/I4210094836Ganzhou People's Hospital1.16666666666666651768.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;702
https://openalex.org/I8991828Pukyong National University1.16666666666666651537.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;703
https://openalex.org/I45084792University of Florence1.16666666666666652403.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;704
https://openalex.org/I151013683Binzhou University1.1588235294117648938.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;705
https://openalex.org/I134841294Binzhou Medical University1.1588235294117648938.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;706
https://openalex.org/I142732210University of Engineering and Technology Lahore1.1456349206349206534.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Company/Institution;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;707
https://openalex.org/I865572129Adama Science and Technology University1.1428571428571428518.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;708
https://openalex.org/I51780484Mersin Üniversitesi1.14285714285714281157.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Error in Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Data;Unreliable Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;709
https://openalex.org/I4210144839Hamad bin Khalifa University1.1428571428571428235.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;710
https://openalex.org/I7877124Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin1.14285714285714282371.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Article;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;711
https://openalex.org/I111599522Jiangnan University1.14285714285714281383.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;712
https://openalex.org/I119241673Indian Institute of Technology Ropar1.1428571428571428447.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);713
https://openalex.org/I191972202Amity University1.13571428571428571154.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);714
https://openalex.org/I4210090457Al-Nisour University College1.1338675213675213405.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;715
https://openalex.org/I205783295Cornell University1.1255091.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Data;716
https://openalex.org/I90259746Capital University of Economics and Business1.1251030.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;717
https://openalex.org/I4210093324Mudanjiang Medical University1.1251122.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;718
https://openalex.org/I165779595The University of Melbourne1.1251034.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;719
https://openalex.org/I3121602497Lorestan University of Medical Sciences1.125546.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;720
https://openalex.org/I182997119Manonmaniam Sundaranar University1.1251236.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;721
https://openalex.org/I88694374Marshall University1.1252225.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;722
https://openalex.org/I139264467Seoul National University1.11758976317799851277.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;723
https://openalex.org/I165143802The University of Queensland1.11666666666666671228.5Error in Data;Error in Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;724
https://openalex.org/I3131845690University of Cross River State1.1166666666666667934.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;725
https://openalex.org/I4210108783Christian Medical College1.1166666666666667560.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;726
https://openalex.org/I157696592Universiti Malaysia Terengganu1.11111111111111121386.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;727
https://openalex.org/I4210119396Social Service Sericulture Project Trust1.1111111111111112455.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;728
https://openalex.org/I82880672Beihang University1.11111111111111122346.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;729
https://openalex.org/I55732556Arizona State University1.1075757575757577541.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;730
https://openalex.org/I185571130Al-Farabi Kazakh National University1.0999999999999999490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;731
https://openalex.org/I1174212University of Southern California1.09166666666666662424.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;732
https://openalex.org/I29891158University of Sharjah1.0873015873015872764.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;733
https://openalex.org/I40120149University of Oxford1.0873015873015872473.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Article;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Article;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Data;Error in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of Data;Plagiarism of Image;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Image;734
https://openalex.org/I162868743Tianjin University1.0833333333333333518.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;735
https://openalex.org/I179026463Beijing Technology and Business University1.08333333333333331171.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;736
https://openalex.org/I4210161255Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute1.0833333333333333493.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;737
https://openalex.org/I47164929Najran University1.0833333333333333468.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;738
https://openalex.org/I77501641University of Kalyani1.0769230769230769557.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;739
https://openalex.org/I42317466Altınbaş University1.0714285714285714605.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;740
https://openalex.org/I875646752Damascus University1.0714285714285714904.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);741
https://openalex.org/I4210163933Union Hospital1.05952380952380951725.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;742
https://openalex.org/I4210151504Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre & Research Institute1.05952380952380952425.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;743
https://openalex.org/I146655781University of Liverpool1.0526315789473684154.0Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Notice - Limited or No Information;Removed;Temporary Removal;744
https://openalex.org/I193775966Yonsei University1.04354066985645931086.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;745
https://openalex.org/I67357951KIIT University1.042857142857143817.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;746
https://openalex.org/I135237710Zhejiang Normal University1.04166666666666651146.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;747
https://openalex.org/I4210126868University of Georgia1.04090909090909182.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);748
https://openalex.org/I4210108480Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University1.0333333333333332871.0Author Unresponsive;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Plagiarism of/in Article;749
https://openalex.org/I4210140515First Hospital of China Medical University1.03333333333333321491.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;750
https://openalex.org/I4210141776China XD Group (China)1.0333333333333332714.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;751
https://openalex.org/I96733725Shanghai Maritime University1.03333333333333322840.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;752
https://openalex.org/I98251732McMaster University1.00952380952380951202.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Company/Institution;Investigation by Third Party;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);753
https://openalex.org/I4210101171Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College1.01602.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;754
https://openalex.org/I155907036Solapur University1.093.0Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of/in Article;755
https://openalex.org/I4210146667Ajinomoto (Japan)1.0418.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Error in Data;Error in Materials;Error in Results and/or Conclusions;756
https://openalex.org/I4210099512Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University1.01687.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;757
https://openalex.org/I4210146584Henan Forestry Vocational College1.0744.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;758
https://openalex.org/I105991555Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute1.02078.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;759
https://openalex.org/I66760702Council of Scientific and Industrial Research1.02278.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Article;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Data;Error in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;760
https://openalex.org/I4210097726Huaian First People’s Hospital1.02035.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;761
https://openalex.org/I1285301757Rush University Medical Center1.03164.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;762
https://openalex.org/I66883779Weifang University1.0400.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;763
https://openalex.org/I66930379Tarrant County College1.02073.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;764
https://openalex.org/I2800556661China Tobacco1.0317.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;765
https://openalex.org/I192327786Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine1.0317.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;766
https://openalex.org/I64935225Bratislava University of Economics and Business1.086.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;767
https://openalex.org/I45294948Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research1.01229.0Notice - Limited or No Information;Removed;768
https://openalex.org/I45812101Belarusian National Technical University1.0187.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Plagiarism of/in Article;769
https://openalex.org/I4210119674East China University of Technology1.0871.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;770
https://openalex.org/I9115533Moscow Polytechnic University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;771
https://openalex.org/I90546491University of Limpopo1.0213.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;772
https://openalex.org/I138622004National Economics University1.0885.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;773
https://openalex.org/I138876546Vels University1.02732.0Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Manipulation of Images;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;774
https://openalex.org/I4210115097Hospital Clínic de Barcelona1.01295.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;775
https://openalex.org/I104338594Inje University1.0472.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Plagiarism of Image;776
https://openalex.org/I188703185GTx (United States)1.0404.5Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;777
https://openalex.org/I4387154740Azerbaijan Cooperation University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;778
https://openalex.org/I4210107741Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College1.0367.0Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;779
https://openalex.org/I4210144143Inspur (China)1.0853.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;780
https://openalex.org/I14916453Urgench State University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;781
https://openalex.org/I149240348Jilin Normal University1.0189.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;782
https://openalex.org/I4210094894China Automotive Technology and Research Center1.0784.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;783
https://openalex.org/I4210152237Wenzhou City People's Hospital1.0637.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;784
https://openalex.org/I4210150398Hunan University of Finance and Economics1.02694.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;785
https://openalex.org/I117963711Kuban State University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;786
https://openalex.org/I4210097637Tangshan People's Hospital1.0337.0Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;787
https://openalex.org/I4210151936North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;788
https://openalex.org/I4210095228Xi'an Physical Education University1.0566.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;789
https://openalex.org/I4210096351Qinhuangdao Second Hospital1.0369.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;790
https://openalex.org/I139759216Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications1.0635.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;791
https://openalex.org/I147527907Technical University of Varna1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;792
https://openalex.org/I4387155285Suqian University1.0448.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;793
https://openalex.org/I2802204017Université de Bretagne Sud1.07823.0Author Unresponsive;Error in Analyses;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;794
https://openalex.org/I189238007Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv1.0353.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;795
https://openalex.org/I135598925Kyushu University1.0121.0Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;796
https://openalex.org/I4210137452Drug Discovery Laboratory (Norway)1.01427.0Author Unresponsive;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;797
https://openalex.org/I4210138647Hanzhong People's Hospital1.01943.0Author Unresponsive;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Plagiarism of Image;798
https://openalex.org/I4210113195Gannan Medical University1.0452.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);799
https://openalex.org/I4210113348Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine1.02873.0Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Manipulation of Images;Plagiarism of Image;800
https://openalex.org/I4210113613Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University1.01886.0Results Not Reproducible;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;801
https://openalex.org/I2801380234University of South-Eastern Norway1.01262.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Results Not Reproducible;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;802
https://openalex.org/I2800951516Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust1.0124.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Conflict of Interest;Falsification/Fabrication of Data;803
https://openalex.org/I65322002Volgograd State University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;804
https://openalex.org/I123665430Shri BM Patil Medical College1.0262.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;805
https://openalex.org/I12411659Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine1.0469.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;806
https://openalex.org/I147337026Universitas Trisakti1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;807
https://openalex.org/I4210101936Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang1.0433.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;808
https://openalex.org/I4210100725Oriental University1.0866.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;809
https://openalex.org/I4210100789Wuhan College1.0925.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;810
https://openalex.org/I4210100872Guangzhou Academy of Special Equipment Inspection and Testing1.0133.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;811
https://openalex.org/I4210106884All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;812
https://openalex.org/I4210106134Guangzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology1.0344.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;813
https://openalex.org/I4210146956Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University1.04675.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;814
https://openalex.org/I877176835University of Guilan1.0111.0Duplication of/in Article;815
https://openalex.org/I152518017University of Nis1.0711.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Plagiarism of/in Article;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;816
https://openalex.org/I109173049Beijing Foreign Studies University1.01376.0Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Plagiarism of/in Article;Taken via Translation;817
https://openalex.org/I110109458Tianjin University of Commerce1.0260.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;818
https://openalex.org/I205237279Nankai University1.01034.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;819
https://openalex.org/I21256249Tashkent University of Information Technology1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;820
https://openalex.org/I211497874Armenian National Agrarian University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;821
https://openalex.org/I97018004Stanford University1.01754.0Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;822
https://openalex.org/I2802584641Leshan Normal University1.0501.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Objections by Author(s);Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;823
https://openalex.org/I137265193University of Chester1.0384.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;Objections by Author(s);824
https://openalex.org/I4210138978Nanjing University of the Arts1.0901.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;825
https://openalex.org/I170347488National Environmental Engineering Research Institute1.03822.0Plagiarism of/in Article;826
https://openalex.org/I169689159PLA Information Engineering University1.0278.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;827
https://openalex.org/I75867142Xiamen University of Technology1.02100.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;828
https://openalex.org/I118501908National Research University Higher School of Economics1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;829
https://openalex.org/I4210159676Zaozhuang University1.0490.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;830
https://openalex.org/I4210115456Chuzhou University1.0826.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;831
https://openalex.org/I130442723Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul1.02932.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;832
https://openalex.org/I4210129448African Population and Health Research Center1.0292.0Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of/in Article;833
https://openalex.org/I4210129079Academy of the State Fire Service EMERCOM of Russia1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;834
https://openalex.org/I114650741Chechen State University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;835
https://openalex.org/I4210133472Zahedan University of Medical Sciences1.01084.0Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;836
https://openalex.org/I505182National Textile University1.0934.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;837
https://openalex.org/I49185572Yunnan University of Finance And Economics1.01629.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;838
https://openalex.org/I4880106Feng Chia University1.0613.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;839
https://openalex.org/I4210108394Institute of Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;840
https://openalex.org/I61554058Qom University of Medical Science and Health Services1.0885.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;841
https://openalex.org/I197251160Hebrew University of Jerusalem1.09802.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Data;842
https://openalex.org/I4210114043Henan Institute of Technology1.0224.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;843
https://openalex.org/I4210146030Penza State Technological University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;844
https://openalex.org/I4210104872Rostov State University of Economics1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;845
https://openalex.org/I4210104442Ho Chi Minh City University of Education1.0322.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;846
https://openalex.org/I61641377Universitatea Națională de Știință și Tehnologie Politehnica București1.0552.0Author Unresponsive;Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;847
https://openalex.org/I4210101883Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College1.0854.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;848
https://openalex.org/I4210127624Shougang Institute of Technology1.0793.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;849
https://openalex.org/I4210127266First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College1.01317.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;850
https://openalex.org/I4210134312Anqing City Hospital1.0940.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;851
https://openalex.org/I132586189Zhongyuan University of Technology1.0966.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;852
https://openalex.org/I1324520350Hackensack University Medical Center1.024.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Lack of Approval from Third Party;853
https://openalex.org/I4210098734Zhejiang Cancer Hospital1.01003.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;854
https://openalex.org/I4210098011Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;855
https://openalex.org/I4210119024First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University1.02328.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;856
https://openalex.org/I2799614505University of Perpetual Help System DALTA1.02443.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;857
https://openalex.org/I4210101660Ningbo No. 2 Hospital1.0972.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Third Party;858
https://openalex.org/I4210101654Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry1.0494.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;859
https://openalex.org/I4210101586Federal Scientific Center for Agroecology, Integrated Land Reclamation and Protective Afforestation1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;860
https://openalex.org/I4210102410First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University1.02421.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;861
https://openalex.org/I4210147433Beijing Friendship Hospital1.04068.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;862
https://openalex.org/I261079859Jenderal Soedirman University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;863
https://openalex.org/I202028630Changchun Normal University1.02079.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;864
https://openalex.org/I198091727Tiangong University1.02656.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;865
https://openalex.org/I47639616Centurion University of Technology and Management1.01090.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;866
https://openalex.org/I62800249Xingtai University1.01630.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;867
https://openalex.org/I193524592Tianjin University of Finance and Economics1.086.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;868
https://openalex.org/I4210136909Dilla University1.0415.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;869
https://openalex.org/I4210099941Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University1.0995.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;870
https://openalex.org/I4210099937Fourth People’s Hospital of Jinan1.02253.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;871
https://openalex.org/I4210099837Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences1.0635.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;872
https://openalex.org/I27941296Sahmyook University1.0333.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of Approval from Third Party;Removed;873
https://openalex.org/I200946902Yichun University1.02072.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;874
https://openalex.org/I1334627681Jet Propulsion Laboratory1.061.0Error in Methods;875
https://openalex.org/I130238516University of Minnesota1.01085.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Error in Results and/or Conclusions;Results Not Reproducible;876
https://openalex.org/I4210124907Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University1.0694.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;877
https://openalex.org/I4210124764Zhoushan Hospital1.0933.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;878
https://openalex.org/I4210124597Wuhu No 1 People's Hospital1.0838.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;879
https://openalex.org/I3132180716Larbi Ben M'hidi University of Oum El Bouaghi1.0876.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;880
https://openalex.org/I177537411Bauman Moscow State Technical University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;881
https://openalex.org/I899859998Qiqihar Medical University1.0841.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;882
https://openalex.org/I4210147888First People's Hospital of Nanning1.0558.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;883
https://openalex.org/I4210147827Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I .Vavilov1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;884
https://openalex.org/I3133090473Weinan Normal University1.0460.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;885
https://openalex.org/I32597200Ghent University1.04138.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;886
https://openalex.org/I4210162379Xi'an Chest Hospital1.02339.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;887
https://openalex.org/I4210162153Madhya Pradesh Council of Science and Technology1.0640.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;888
https://openalex.org/I12615008Beijing Normal University - Hong Kong Baptist University United International College1.01024.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;889
https://openalex.org/I125101497Russian State Social University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;890
https://openalex.org/I176453806University of Potsdam1.0203.0Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Objections by Author(s);Plagiarism of/in Article;891
https://openalex.org/I4210120495Chechen Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;892
https://openalex.org/I4210120302Shunde Polytechnic1.0615.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;893
https://openalex.org/I17831865Kyrgyz State Technical University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;894
https://openalex.org/I177823932Technical University of Moldova1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;895
https://openalex.org/I4210164197Research Foundation ITSUU Laboratory1.013.0Author Unresponsive;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Removed;896
https://openalex.org/I4210164024First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University1.0716.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;897
https://openalex.org/I4210164009Guangdong Baiyun University1.0108.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;898
https://openalex.org/I4210086097Wuhan City Chinese Medicine Hospital1.0638.0Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;899
https://openalex.org/I4210124300Hubei Provincial Women and Children's Hospital1.0571.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;900
https://openalex.org/I75955062Henan Normal University1.0224.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;901
https://openalex.org/I4210139780Yixing People's Hospital1.01652.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;902
https://openalex.org/I39815113Georgia Southern University1.01253.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;903
https://openalex.org/I4210159154Yiwu Science and Technology Research Institute1.0630.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;904
https://openalex.org/I4210159152Tongling University1.02077.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;905
https://openalex.org/I7882870University of Glasgow1.0540.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Lack of Approval from Company/Institution;Miscommunication with/by Author;906
https://openalex.org/I126924076Chongqing Normal University1.02138.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;907
https://openalex.org/I4210123088Wuhan Technology and Business University1.01983.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;908
https://openalex.org/I51313444Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences1.03273.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;909
https://openalex.org/I2608206482Universitas Ahmad Dahlan1.0580.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;910
https://openalex.org/I25399158Mahidol University1.0676.0Duplication of/in Article;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);911
https://openalex.org/I26604189Shiv Nadar University1.0423.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;912
https://openalex.org/I4210130422Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences1.04445.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;913
https://openalex.org/I4210104151Shangdong Agriculture and Engineering University1.0584.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;914
https://openalex.org/I4210147983Guangdong Police College1.0546.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;915
https://openalex.org/I17442442State Grid Corporation of China (China)1.0253.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;916
https://openalex.org/I4210131693Estácio (Brazil)1.01014.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Duplication of/in Article;917
https://openalex.org/I221092938Krishna University1.02203.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;918
https://openalex.org/I97009856Bohai University1.01578.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;919
https://openalex.org/I4210133325Institute of Process Engineering1.01844.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;920
https://openalex.org/I4210132981Ningxia Water Conservancy1.01610.0Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;921
https://openalex.org/I130828816University of Leeds1.01685.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;922
https://openalex.org/I4210132226City University College of Science and Technology1.0448.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;923
https://openalex.org/I4210132223Zhejiang Radio and Television University1.0411.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;924
https://openalex.org/I200362191Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana1.0390.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;925
https://openalex.org/I174104030Taiyuan Normal University1.0477.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;926
https://openalex.org/I108108428Thammasat University1.0890.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;927
https://openalex.org/I35427347Islamic University of Indonesia1.02812.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;928
https://openalex.org/I4210143909Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;929
https://openalex.org/I4210140387TCM-Intigrated Cancer Center of Southern Medical University1.0701.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;930
https://openalex.org/I4210117112South Kazakhstan Medical Academy1.0375.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;931
https://openalex.org/I4210117020Nantong Science and Technology Bureau1.0269.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;932
https://openalex.org/I52035452Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur1.0354.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;933
https://openalex.org/I101202996Semmelweis University1.0706.0Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of Approval from Third Party;Objections by Author(s);934
https://openalex.org/I9564693Eastern Liaoning University1.0571.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;935
https://openalex.org/I102808428Tbilisi State University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;936
https://openalex.org/I121296143Hunan University of Science and Technology1.01274.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;937
https://openalex.org/I120378409South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;938
https://openalex.org/I52180223Hunan Agricultural University1.01495.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;939
https://openalex.org/I236156700ZhengZhou Shengda University Of Economics, Business & Management1.0320.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;940
https://openalex.org/I24571045University of North Dakota1.02410.0Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Falsification/Fabrication of Image;Investigation by Company/Institution;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;941
https://openalex.org/I4210140680Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University1.0265.0Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;942
https://openalex.org/I4210093674Zhoukou Normal University1.0554.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;943
https://openalex.org/I4210153182Zigong First People's Hospital1.0358.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;944
https://openalex.org/I4210152839Navoi State Mining Institute1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;945
https://openalex.org/I4210155511First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University1.0624.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;946
https://openalex.org/I4210154072Institute of Normal Physiology named after P.K. Anokhin1.01022.0Cites Retracted Work;Concerns/Issues about Data;Error in Text;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);947
https://openalex.org/I162706563Hoseo University1.0600.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;948
https://openalex.org/I4210090615Hospital of Hebei Province1.0586.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;949
https://openalex.org/I4210121023Chifeng Municipal Hospital1.01250.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;950
https://openalex.org/I4210092224Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences1.0476.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;951
https://openalex.org/I163753206Chungbuk National University1.0126.0Error in Text;952
https://openalex.org/I4210167213Lu'an First People's Hospital1.0272.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;953
https://openalex.org/I183816158Zhaoqing University1.0757.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;954
https://openalex.org/I4210166292Baoding People's Hospital1.0848.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;955
https://openalex.org/I4210166238Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital1.02247.0Author Unresponsive;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Plagiarism of Data;Plagiarism of Image;956
https://openalex.org/I3089115Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority1.0883.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;957
https://openalex.org/I4210138851Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;958
https://openalex.org/I4210092582Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences1.02573.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Third Party;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;959
https://openalex.org/I187531555Lund University1.0414.0Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;960
https://openalex.org/I69050122Near East University1.0256.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;961
https://openalex.org/I4387153206Solamalai College of Engineering1.0274.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;962
https://openalex.org/I8975392Osmania University1.01135.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;963
https://openalex.org/I4210114147Shaoxing Second Hospital1.00.0Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Notice - Limited or No Information;Removed;964
https://openalex.org/I4210130435Klinikum Ludwigshafen1.07793.0Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Company/Institution;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;965
https://openalex.org/I2801561730Liaoning University of International Business and Economics1.0153.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;966
https://openalex.org/I4210088511Inner Mongolia Electric Power (China)1.01111.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;967
https://openalex.org/I71999127Universitat de Barcelona1.01899.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;968
https://openalex.org/I186765156State University of Papua1.01504.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;969
https://openalex.org/I301615471Wollega University1.01134.0Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Plagiarism of Text;Plagiarism of/in Article;970
https://openalex.org/I4210134769University of Pittsburgh Medical Center1.00.0Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Notice - Limited or No Information;Removed;Temporary Removal;971
https://openalex.org/I4210134671M.S. Ramaiah Medical College1.01198.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;972
https://openalex.org/I4210134617Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University1.0491.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;973
https://openalex.org/I4210089143Changzhou Vocational Institute of Light Industry1.0484.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;974
https://openalex.org/I4210089092GS Engineering (United States)1.02253.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;975
https://openalex.org/I288749910Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal1.01695.0Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;976
https://openalex.org/I182663762Lingaya's Vidyapeeth1.0185.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;977
https://openalex.org/I4210165015Shanxi Science and Technology Department1.0504.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;978
https://openalex.org/I312958679National University of Science and Technology1.0469.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;979
https://openalex.org/I73779912Manipal University Jaipur1.0421.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;980
https://openalex.org/I18045400Federal University of Agriculture1.01343.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;981
https://openalex.org/I3129498420National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;982
https://openalex.org/I4210164522Pingxiang University1.0583.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;983
https://openalex.org/I2898391981Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)1.0337.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Error in Methods;Error in Text;984
https://openalex.org/I41147446Anshan Normal University1.01488.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;985
https://openalex.org/I168337820Chongqing University of Science and Technology1.0898.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;986
https://openalex.org/I4210157430V. A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;987
https://openalex.org/I4210157209Caspian University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;988
https://openalex.org/I4210087046Yinchuan First People's Hospital1.064.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;989
https://openalex.org/I4210086659Jilin Jianzhu University1.0413.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;990
https://openalex.org/I4210163363PLA Army Engineering University1.01759.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;991
https://openalex.org/I4210121099ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig1.0306.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;992
https://openalex.org/I1793135Yanbian University1.0866.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;993
https://openalex.org/I4210120291Linzi District People's Hospital1.02420.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;994
https://openalex.org/I4210136233Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;995
https://openalex.org/I91845206Omsk State Agrarian University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;996
https://openalex.org/I4210136219Kaifeng City Children's Hospital1.01630.0Author Unresponsive;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Third Party;Plagiarism of Image;997
https://openalex.org/I4210135466Heilongjiang University of Technology1.0384.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;998
https://openalex.org/I4210086600Meizhou City People's Hospital1.04199.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;999
https://openalex.org/I4210089411Yunnan Vocational College of Mechanical and Electrical Technology1.0553.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1000
https://openalex.org/I180291457Mehran University of Engineering and Technology1.01363.0Error in Analyses;Error in Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1001
https://openalex.org/I4210110503SNV Netherlands Development Organisation1.09666.0Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Error in Data;Investigation by Company/Institution;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1002
https://openalex.org/I145608581University of Miami1.0933.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;1003
https://openalex.org/I887064364University of Amsterdam1.04996.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;1004
https://openalex.org/I4210112295Qianjiang Central Hospital1.0460.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1005
https://openalex.org/I4210142037Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine1.0617.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1006
https://openalex.org/I4210141538State Marine Technical University of St. Petersburg1.01057.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1007
https://openalex.org/I4210113653Bozhou People's Hospital1.0588.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1008
https://openalex.org/I39995536Shumen University1.0490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1009
https://openalex.org/I4210143016Changchun Institute of Technology1.02127.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1010
https://openalex.org/I19926482Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute0.9801587301587301688.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1011
https://openalex.org/I319841309Hadhramout University0.9773809523809524122.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1012
https://openalex.org/I4210161716Islamic Azad University Ardabil0.9761904761904762594.0Author Unresponsive;Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1013
https://openalex.org/I138690464University of Ghana0.9761904761904762453.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1014
https://openalex.org/I929597975National University of Sciences and Technology0.9754329004329004975.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1015
https://openalex.org/I201537933Tohoku University0.95833333333333333809.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1016
https://openalex.org/I4210134386G Pulla Reddy Dental College & Hospital0.9583333333333333334.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1017
https://openalex.org/I170535673Sana'a University0.9523809523809523333.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1018
https://openalex.org/I155419210Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch0.9520202020202021297.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Image;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1019
https://openalex.org/I152033890Hainan Normal University0.951718.0Cites Retracted Work;Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1020
https://openalex.org/I4210113795Hubei University of Arts and Science0.95559.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1021
https://openalex.org/I4210100047Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research0.951278.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1022
https://openalex.org/I206573129Islamia College University0.95709.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1023
https://openalex.org/I200719446Vanderbilt University0.95613.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1024
https://openalex.org/I111753288Fujian Normal University0.95713.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1025
https://openalex.org/I134738993Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine0.951073.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1026
https://openalex.org/I184681353Anhui University of Science and Technology0.95790.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1027
https://openalex.org/I74788687Comenius University Bratislava0.95528.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Compromised Peer Review;Removed;1028
https://openalex.org/I219193219Purdue University West Lafayette0.95794.5Author Unresponsive;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1029
https://openalex.org/I2801556517Ruijin Hospital0.94444444444444442078.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1030
https://openalex.org/I137534880Southern Federal University0.9444444444444444490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1031
https://openalex.org/I106826634Jain University0.9416666666666667403.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;False/Forged Authorship;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1032
https://openalex.org/I166928557University of Monastir0.9375611.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1033
https://openalex.org/I135388327University of Kashmir0.9333333333333333567.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1034
https://openalex.org/I158908536Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital0.92619047619047622000.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Data;1035
https://openalex.org/I889458895University of Hong Kong0.92619047619047621061.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;1036
https://openalex.org/I4210116806Ghazi University0.9206349206349206287.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1037
https://openalex.org/I4210138370Liupanshui Normal University0.9166666666666666590.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1038
https://openalex.org/I365282Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences0.91666666666666661157.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1039
https://openalex.org/I4210126203Hubei University of Automotive Technology0.9166666666666666374.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1040
https://openalex.org/I216286881Botswana International University of Science and Technology0.91666666666666662253.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1041
https://openalex.org/I21491767Aix-Marseille Université0.90238095238095242285.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Retract and Replace;1042
https://openalex.org/I179863766Western Norway University of Applied Sciences0.91372.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);1043
https://openalex.org/I170013655Isfahan University of Technology0.91667.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1044
https://openalex.org/I148366613National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University0.9323.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Article;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1045
https://openalex.org/I131155284Alagappa University0.91372.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);1046
https://openalex.org/I181397559Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation0.89682539682539671037.0Breach of Policy by Author;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1047
https://openalex.org/I1308893265Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University0.89285714285714281030.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1048
https://openalex.org/I168635309University of Calgary0.89285714285714281067.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1049
https://openalex.org/I4210131174Southwest Hospital0.88571428571428571521.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1050
https://openalex.org/I204730241Université Paris Cité0.87906162464985991560.0Error in Image;Error in Text;Updated to Retraction;1051
https://openalex.org/I53210213Istanbul Commerce University0.875687.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1052
https://openalex.org/I177877127The University of Western Australia0.8751228.5Error in Data;Error in Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1053
https://openalex.org/I168889406Begum Rokeya University0.875780.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1054
https://openalex.org/I4210124997Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an0.86666666666666671076.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1055
https://openalex.org/I4210131919Xi'an University of Technology0.8666666666666667618.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1056
https://openalex.org/I4210124531Lanzhou University Second Hospital0.86666666666666671859.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1057
https://openalex.org/I178777954Kohat University of Science and Technology0.86666666666666671150.0Author Unresponsive;Complaints about Author;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Duplication of Data;Duplication of Text;Euphemisms for Duplication;Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Data;1058
https://openalex.org/I4210142231Central University of Jammu0.8666666666666667282.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1059
https://openalex.org/I4210106686Chulabhorn Hospital0.86369047619047621222.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1060
https://openalex.org/I119454577Nanjing Agricultural University0.8611111111111112801.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1061
https://openalex.org/I95023434University of KwaZulu-Natal0.8611111111111112469.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1062
https://openalex.org/I204337017Aarhus University0.8611111111111111022.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1063
https://openalex.org/I4210166444Institut de Recherche pour le Développement0.85119047619047622285.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);1064
https://openalex.org/I203899302Universiti Teknologi Petronas0.84285714285714291431.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1065
https://openalex.org/I153648349University of Leicester0.8428571428571429379.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1066
https://openalex.org/I68428275Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata0.84285714285714292425.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1067
https://openalex.org/I244572783Symbiosis International University0.8428571428571429400.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1068
https://openalex.org/I153687341Zarqa University0.8428571428571429564.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1069
https://openalex.org/I141431873Periyar University0.84090909090909091102.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;False/Forged Authorship;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1070
https://openalex.org/I86958956Ferdowsi University of Mashhad0.84090909090909091052.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1071
https://openalex.org/I12832649Gachon University0.8373015873015872796.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1072
https://openalex.org/I88085062Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences0.83333333333333341022.0Author Unresponsive;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1073
https://openalex.org/I4210152146Islamic Azad University Kerman0.8333333333333333350.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1074
https://openalex.org/I94357780Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering0.8333333333333333396.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1075
https://openalex.org/I4210158318Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University0.83333333333333331164.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1076
https://openalex.org/I269199756Omsk State University0.8333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1077
https://openalex.org/I4210143819Taizhou First People's Hospital0.83333333333333331390.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;1078
https://openalex.org/I41641357Ege University0.8333333333333333394.0Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1079
https://openalex.org/I4210159257Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine0.8333333333333333989.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1080
https://openalex.org/I147727580Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University0.8333333333333333554.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1081
https://openalex.org/I51556381University of Virginia0.83333333333333338286.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Manipulation of Images;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1082
https://openalex.org/I38706770Guilin University of Technology0.8333333333333333426.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1083
https://openalex.org/I33213144University of Florida0.83333333333333331341.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1084
https://openalex.org/I4210110525Hebei General Hospital0.8333333333333333907.5Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1085
https://openalex.org/I34155123Hebei University of Science and Technology0.83333333333333331463.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1086
https://openalex.org/I75920027Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine0.83333333333333331551.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1087
https://openalex.org/I59738393Gaziantep University0.83333333333333331011.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1088
https://openalex.org/I46080048Jahangirnagar University0.8333333333333333736.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1089
https://openalex.org/I4210142599University of Swabi0.8333333333333333860.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Article;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Plagiarism of Text;1090
https://openalex.org/I114027177University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill0.83333333333333332091.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Article;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1091
https://openalex.org/I32589535Technical University of Malaysia Malacca0.8333333333333333471.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1092
https://openalex.org/I4210139220Cipher Gene (China)0.83333333333333331151.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1093
https://openalex.org/I4210136826Jining First People's Hospital0.83333333333333331380.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1094
https://openalex.org/I181361081Longyan University0.8333333333333333523.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1095
https://openalex.org/I887968799RWTH Aachen University0.83333333333333331263.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1096
https://openalex.org/I17477748Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology0.83333333333333331103.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1097
https://openalex.org/I4210106563Hubei University for Nationalities0.83333333333333332838.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1098
https://openalex.org/I4210125137First Hospital of Jilin University0.83333333333333331586.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1099
https://openalex.org/I4210106423Fourth People's Hospital of Liaocheng0.8333333333333333674.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1100
https://openalex.org/I4210153856Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University0.8333333333333333360.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1101
https://openalex.org/I95946905Hebei GEO University0.8333333333333333419.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1102
https://openalex.org/I4210103204Samara State Agrarian University0.8333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1103
https://openalex.org/I4210104186Ufa Institute of Chemistry0.8333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1104
https://openalex.org/I4210128313Institute of Water Problems of the North Karelian Research Centre0.8333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1105
https://openalex.org/I110118728Pai Chai University0.833333333333333398.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Article;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;1106
https://openalex.org/I4210099558Shanghai Changzheng Hospital0.83333333333333332544.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1107
https://openalex.org/I205923962Kalmyk State University0.8333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1108
https://openalex.org/I11793825National Institute of Technology Patna0.83333333333333332074.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1109
https://openalex.org/I4210151987Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs0.8333333333333333441.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Error in Text;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1110
https://openalex.org/I115566878Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman0.83333333333333332410.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1111
https://openalex.org/I137056471Nanjing University of Finance and Economics0.83333333333333331433.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1112
https://openalex.org/I155837530National Institute of Technology Durgapur0.83333333333333332072.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1113
https://openalex.org/I4210115331Tianjin Children's Hospital0.8333333333333333994.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1114
https://openalex.org/I2801051648China-Japan Friendship Hospital0.83333333333333331219.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1115
https://openalex.org/I223822909Heidelberg University0.8252338.0Concerns/Issues about Animal Welfare;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1116
https://openalex.org/I134085113King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals0.8242424242424242630.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1117
https://openalex.org/I181086730Islamic University of Gaza0.8194444444444444124.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1118
https://openalex.org/I82724352Universiti Teknologi MARA0.8194444444444444781.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1119
https://openalex.org/I39804081Sorbonne Université0.81834733893557421750.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Error in Image;Error in Text;Investigation by Company/Institution;1120
https://openalex.org/I72264486University of Tabuk0.8146575646575647750.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1121
https://openalex.org/I31746571UNSW Sydney0.80952380952380953549.0Cites Retracted Work;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1122
https://openalex.org/I189442560Gyeongsang National University0.8095238095238095370.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1123
https://openalex.org/I4210160222Liaocheng People's Hospital0.8095238095238095839.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1124
https://openalex.org/I50760025Hangzhou Dianzi University0.80952380952380951775.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1125
https://openalex.org/I81020251Great Lakes Institute of Management0.80952380952380951255.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1126
https://openalex.org/I126477371Mohammed V University0.8083333333333333685.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1127
https://openalex.org/I1283280774Brigham and Women's Hospital0.7954887218045112980.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1128
https://openalex.org/I58956616Case Western Reserve University0.79166666666666666673.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Company/Institution;1129
https://openalex.org/I75421653University of Missouri–Kansas City0.7916666666666666672.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1130
https://openalex.org/I169744251Damanhour University0.7916666666666666919.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Error in Data;Objections by Author(s);Plagiarism of/in Article;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1131
https://openalex.org/I39498419University of Wasit0.7852564102564102762.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1132
https://openalex.org/I56590836Monash University0.78333333333333332359.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1133
https://openalex.org/I4210154480Chongqing Cancer Hospital0.7833333333333333431.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1134
https://openalex.org/I4210126226The Women University Multan0.7833333333333333975.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1135
https://openalex.org/I3129293551Tarim University0.7833333333333333942.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1136
https://openalex.org/I170201317University of Pittsburgh0.77777777777777784498.5Cites Retracted Work;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Updated to Retraction;1137
https://openalex.org/I2801771032Islamic Azad University, Arak0.7777777777777777861.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1138
https://openalex.org/I4210112337University of Hafr Al-Batin0.7777777777777777567.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1139
https://openalex.org/I4210155419Center for Systems Biology0.76666666666666665273.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;1140
https://openalex.org/I1282927834Cedars-Sinai Medical Center0.76666666666666663714.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Animal Welfare;Concerns/Issues about Image;Contamination of Cell Lines/Tissues;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1141
https://openalex.org/I4387154592St. Joseph’s College of Engineering0.7595238095238095563.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Article;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1142
https://openalex.org/I4210134189Xiamen University Malaysia0.7595238095238095956.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1143
https://openalex.org/I99364266Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research0.7575757575757576501.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1144
https://openalex.org/I126824641JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research0.7539682539682542477.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1145
https://openalex.org/I91045830Texas A&M University0.753968253968254848.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1146
https://openalex.org/I4210145693Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences0.75901.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1147
https://openalex.org/I116067653University of Rome Tor Vergata0.755169.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1148
https://openalex.org/I4387155381Sri Eshwar College of Engineering0.75804.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1149
https://openalex.org/I185065464Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology0.75968.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1150
https://openalex.org/I4394709108Zhejiang Yuexiu University0.75777.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1151
https://openalex.org/I96852419Capital Normal University0.75975.5Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1152
https://openalex.org/I140221134Anhui Agricultural University0.75411.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1153
https://openalex.org/I4210118556Sichuan Cancer Hospital0.75302.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Data;1154
https://openalex.org/I4210119101Tangshan Normal University0.75635.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1155
https://openalex.org/I44265643Rowan University0.75206.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Error in Data;Error in Methods;Error in Results and/or Conclusions;1156
https://openalex.org/I111950717Macau University of Science and Technology0.75655.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Plagiarism of/in Article;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1157
https://openalex.org/I155125381Galgotias University0.75539.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1158
https://openalex.org/I204823248Huazhong Agricultural University0.75590.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1159
https://openalex.org/I4210153519First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University0.751316.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1160
https://openalex.org/I4210129636Addis Ababa Science and Technology University0.751489.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1161
https://openalex.org/I99065089Tsinghua University0.751193.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1162
https://openalex.org/I131249849Oregon State University0.754039.0Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;1163
https://openalex.org/I79156528Universiti Tenaga Nasional0.751098.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1164
https://openalex.org/I4210157719Yancheng Institute of Technology0.75276.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1165
https://openalex.org/I250383648Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University0.75614.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Data;1166
https://openalex.org/I127206278Akwa Ibom State University0.751012.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Plagiarism of Image;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1167
https://openalex.org/I165339363Universidad de Oviedo0.753643.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1168
https://openalex.org/I4210135985Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences0.751097.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1169
https://openalex.org/I112754052Sambalpur University0.75968.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1170
https://openalex.org/I4210135888Hulunbuir University0.75368.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Plagiarism of/in Article;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1171
https://openalex.org/I39147953Universidad de Cádiz0.75885.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1172
https://openalex.org/I118590987Northern Border University0.75268.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1173
https://openalex.org/I4210164393The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region0.75983.5Author Unresponsive;Conflict of Interest;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1174
https://openalex.org/I118574674Jiangsu Normal University0.75869.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1175
https://openalex.org/I173207729University of Engineering and Technology Taxila0.75681.5Cites Retracted Work;Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);1176
https://openalex.org/I4210160695Shaoxing People's Hospital0.75849.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1177
https://openalex.org/I107326029Oranim Academic College of Education0.752995.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1178
https://openalex.org/I4210121573Wuchang University of Technology0.75744.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Misconduct - Official Investigation(s) and/or Finding(s);Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1179
https://openalex.org/I16351329China West Normal University0.75550.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1180
https://openalex.org/I878213199Savitribai Phule Pune University0.7428571428571429864.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1181
https://openalex.org/I134705546Teerthanker Mahaveer University0.7333333333333334454.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1182
https://openalex.org/I43879129Government College University, Lahore0.7333333333333334564.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1183
https://openalex.org/I9694494Parul University0.7333333333333334524.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1184
https://openalex.org/I30849647Tomsk Polytechnic University0.73333333333333342512.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1185
https://openalex.org/I196355604National Research Tomsk State University0.73333333333333342512.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1186
https://openalex.org/I859038795Virginia Tech0.7330659536541889974.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1187
https://openalex.org/I1343551460The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center0.73214285714285722609.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;1188
https://openalex.org/I302410947M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences0.72619047619047621028.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1189
https://openalex.org/I207547235Benha University0.7261904761904762545.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Lack of Approval from Third Party;Objections by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Plagiarism of Data;Unreliable Data;1190
https://openalex.org/I4210123993Van Lang University0.72619047619047621148.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Data;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1191
https://openalex.org/I3130244785Adamas University0.7251086.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);1192
https://openalex.org/I32706565Soran University0.71805555555555561217.5Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Updated to Retraction;1193
https://openalex.org/I162871001University of Oradea0.71785714285714291470.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1194
https://openalex.org/I40734275Hakim Sabzevari University0.7159090909090909739.0Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1195
https://openalex.org/I4210091437Sorbonne Paris Cité0.71239495798319331521.5Error in Image;Error in Text;Updated to Retraction;1196
https://openalex.org/I4210109561Jahrom University of Medical Sciences0.71154401154401151496.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Image;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1197
https://openalex.org/I4387153077Alborz University of Medical Sciences0.71154401154401151496.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Image;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1198
https://openalex.org/I2801787918IILM Institute for Higher Education0.7095238095238096469.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1199
https://openalex.org/I151823869National Academy of Sciences of Belarus0.70833333333333332463.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1200
https://openalex.org/I51783024Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg0.7083333333333333663.0Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1201
https://openalex.org/I100357981Wannan Medical College0.70833333333333331365.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1202
https://openalex.org/I4401041618Imam Ja’afar Al-Sadiq University0.7069444444444444750.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1203
https://openalex.org/I114017466University of Technology Sydney0.70396825396825391081.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1204
https://openalex.org/I83202590Jeju National University0.70168067226890751695.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1205
https://openalex.org/I4210129222Wuhan Union Hospital0.71560.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1206
https://openalex.org/I205274468Trinity College Dublin0.76082.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Error in Text;Investigation by Company/Institution;1207
https://openalex.org/I4210145761Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology0.7704.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1208
https://openalex.org/I4210092101Shanghai Children's Medical Center0.73439.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;1209
https://openalex.org/I49332381University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center0.75025.0Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Company/Institution;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;1210
https://openalex.org/I4210149666CM Hospital0.7629.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1211
https://openalex.org/I95990688Birjand University of Medical Sciences0.71505.0Cites Retracted Work;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1212
https://openalex.org/I4210160531Chinese People's Liberation Army0.71080.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Error in Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1213
https://openalex.org/I4210117424Debre Tabor University0.7957.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1214
https://openalex.org/I207528943Chengdu Medical College0.7601.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1215
https://openalex.org/I2803079837American University of the Middle East0.7973.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1216
https://openalex.org/I21370196Aristotle University of Thessaloniki0.7455.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Plagiarism of/in Article;1217
https://openalex.org/I4210110849Sichuan Tourism University0.71606.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1218
https://openalex.org/I4210151720ZheJiang Economic and Trade Polytechnic0.7707.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1219
https://openalex.org/I64427410Hong Kong Shue Yan University0.71144.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1220
https://openalex.org/I3018710136Dumlupinar University0.6833333333333333619.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1221
https://openalex.org/I205133468Airlangga University0.68333333333333331003.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1222
https://openalex.org/I4210092944Dalian University0.6833333333333333754.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1223
https://openalex.org/I23075662Taibah University0.6769230769230771125.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1224
https://openalex.org/I4210150297Institute of Business Management0.6761904761904762314.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1225
https://openalex.org/I4210128068Karshi State University0.6666666666666666490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1226
https://openalex.org/I2426469Kuban State Agrarian University0.6666666666666666490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1227
https://openalex.org/I99601430Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal0.6666666666666666995.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1228
https://openalex.org/I204331812Guilan University of Medical Sciences0.6666666666666666771.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of Data;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1229
https://openalex.org/I21945476Shanghai Normal University0.66666666666666661005.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1230
https://openalex.org/I4210128075Changchun University of Chinese Medicine0.66666666666666661282.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of Approval from Company/Institution;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1231
https://openalex.org/I80611190Jeonbuk National University0.66666666666666663537.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1232
https://openalex.org/I4210091044First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province0.66666666666666661098.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1233
https://openalex.org/I51601045University of Bath0.66666666666666662787.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1234
https://openalex.org/I4210093896Tohoku University Hospital0.66666666666666661561.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1235
https://openalex.org/I4210145891German Kazakh University0.6666666666666666490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1236
https://openalex.org/I151727225Harbin Engineering University0.6666666666666666565.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Lack of Approval from Third Party;Plagiarism of/in Article;Plagiarism of Image;1237
https://openalex.org/I4210154176People's Hospital of Yangzhong0.66666666666666661181.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1238
https://openalex.org/I4210106257Voronezh State Technical University0.6666666666666666490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1239
https://openalex.org/I110083240Karnatak University0.6666666666666666791.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1240
https://openalex.org/I131868736Prince of Songkla University0.6666666666666666576.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1241
https://openalex.org/I4210146690National University Hospital0.66666666666666662936.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Animal Welfare;Concerns/Issues about Image;Contamination of Cell Lines/Tissues;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1242
https://openalex.org/I163137577Altai State University0.6666666666666666490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1243
https://openalex.org/I76835614University of Missouri0.66666666666666661078.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1244
https://openalex.org/I25892078Miyagi University0.66666666666666661561.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1245
https://openalex.org/I181063083Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan0.66666666666666661358.0Author Unresponsive;Complaints about Author;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Duplication of Data;Duplication of Text;Euphemisms for Duplication;Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Data;1246
https://openalex.org/I182386381Zunyi Medical University0.6666666666666666852.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1247
https://openalex.org/I44468530Qingdao University of Technology0.6666666666666666704.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1248
https://openalex.org/I91357014Banaras Hindu University0.6666666666666666722.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1249
https://openalex.org/I4210113377Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital0.66666666666666661176.5Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1250
https://openalex.org/I181326427Donghua University0.66666666666666662109.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1251
https://openalex.org/I3132999081Marwadi University0.66666666666666661431.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1252
https://openalex.org/I4210111174Institute of Economics and Law0.6666666666666666490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1253
https://openalex.org/I142809039Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada0.6666666666666666574.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1254
https://openalex.org/I35928602Kyung Hee University0.66666666666666662327.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1255
https://openalex.org/I173304897Universidad de Granada0.66666666666666662689.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1256
https://openalex.org/I4210112095Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako0.66666666666666662274.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1257
https://openalex.org/I177639307University of Dundee0.6666666666666666531.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of Approval from Third Party;Objections by Third Party;Plagiarism of Text;1258
https://openalex.org/I89466785Minia University0.66666666666666663389.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1259
https://openalex.org/I4396570483Karshi State Technical University0.6666666666666666490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1260
https://openalex.org/I134892692Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology0.6666666666666666312.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1261
https://openalex.org/I4210140449Pskov State University0.6666666666666666490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1262
https://openalex.org/I2801424531Government of West Bengal0.66666666666666664862.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;1263
https://openalex.org/I142263535University of Nottingham0.66666666666666663612.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;1264
https://openalex.org/I123534392University of North Texas0.6666666666666666418.0Author Unresponsive;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Manipulation of Images;Plagiarism of Image;1265
https://openalex.org/I183263030Graduate University of Advanced Technology0.66666666666666663079.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Article;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Plagiarism of Image;Plagiarism of/in Article;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1266
https://openalex.org/I4210117818Hexi University0.66666666666666661787.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;1267
https://openalex.org/I4391767678State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering0.66666666666666661925.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1268
https://openalex.org/I2802734952First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University0.6666666666666666976.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1269
https://openalex.org/I185261750University of Toronto0.66666666666666661246.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1270
https://openalex.org/I56934997Changsha University of Science and Technology0.66666666666666661574.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1271
https://openalex.org/I98834328Wuyi University0.66666666666666661312.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1272
https://openalex.org/I4210101211University of Gonabad0.6666666666666666394.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1273
https://openalex.org/I100188998Harbin University of Science and Technology0.6666666666666666688.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1274
https://openalex.org/I4210130653Guru Nanak Institutions0.6666666666666666407.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1275
https://openalex.org/I185652977University of Tarapacá0.6583333333333333689.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1276
https://openalex.org/I172675005Nanyang Technological University0.65833333333333331633.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1277
https://openalex.org/I37796252Beijing University of Technology0.651155.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1278
https://openalex.org/I84475105Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University0.64973262032085551804.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1279
https://openalex.org/I80626142Xinxiang Medical University0.6444444444444444675.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1280
https://openalex.org/I59225215Bahria University0.6428571428571428758.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1281
https://openalex.org/I930072361Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia0.6428571428571428544.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1282
https://openalex.org/I150037166Central Food Technological Research Institute0.6428571428571428590.0Breach of Policy by Author;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Error in Image;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1283
https://openalex.org/I132806614University of Dubai0.6428571428571428376.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1284
https://openalex.org/I152269853Qilu University of Technology0.64285714285714281199.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1285
https://openalex.org/I165951966The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio0.64285714285714281748.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Updated to Retraction;1286
https://openalex.org/I107640659South Ural State University0.64285714285714281334.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1287
https://openalex.org/I91819753Padjadjaran University0.64285714285714281092.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1288
https://openalex.org/I76661892Federal University of Technology Minna0.64285714285714281317.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1289
https://openalex.org/I134820265Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas0.64285714285714282327.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Error in Text;Updated to Retraction;1290
https://openalex.org/I140275651University of Pannonia0.6428571428571428483.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;False/Forged Authorship;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1291
https://openalex.org/I158708052Chulalongkorn University0.6428571428571428580.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1292
https://openalex.org/I4210142748Shandong Academy of Sciences0.64285714285714281199.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1293
https://openalex.org/I4210162909Hôpital de la Timone0.64285714285714282769.0Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn;Removed;1294
https://openalex.org/I46208956Salahaddin University-Erbil0.64166666666666661058.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1295
https://openalex.org/I285663978Weatherford College0.634523809523809594.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1296
https://openalex.org/I166337079Queen Mary University of London0.62857142857142861767.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1297
https://openalex.org/I17937529German Cancer Research Center0.6252187.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Paper Mill;1298
https://openalex.org/I4210105806Zhongda Hospital Southeast University0.6252519.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1299
https://openalex.org/I4210101365City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications0.625778.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1300
https://openalex.org/I4210104969Ural State Agrarian University0.625690.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1301
https://openalex.org/I4210139142Development Research Center0.6251108.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1302
https://openalex.org/I99464096KU Leuven0.6251955.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1303
https://openalex.org/I4210112678University of the Coast0.6251098.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1304
https://openalex.org/I4210096951Central Asian University0.61904761904761911323.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1305
https://openalex.org/I22299242Kyoto University0.61666666666666677649.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1306
https://openalex.org/I1316902750Cleveland Clinic0.61666666666666675287.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Article;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Objections by Author(s);Plagiarism of Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1307
https://openalex.org/I116530498Inova Health System0.61666666666666672096.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1308
https://openalex.org/I11701301Griffith University0.6166666666666667608.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1309
https://openalex.org/I2800468613Inova Fairfax Hospital0.61666666666666672096.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1310
https://openalex.org/I2800363604Walter Reed National Military Medical Center0.61666666666666672096.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1311
https://openalex.org/I148314036Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences0.61666666666666672096.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1312
https://openalex.org/I74885063Sharda University0.61154401154401161016.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1313
https://openalex.org/I879563668Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)0.6111111111111112553.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1314
https://openalex.org/I1302978242Academy of Medical Sciences0.61111111111111121166.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1315
https://openalex.org/I4210143550Taylor's University0.61111111111111121477.5Error in Text;Updated to Retraction;1316
https://openalex.org/I8636806University of Sousse0.60416666666666661175.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1317
https://openalex.org/I4210122071Medical University of Lodz0.6664.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Plagiarism of Data;1318
https://openalex.org/I900890020University of Palermo0.6711.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1319
https://openalex.org/I3132145264Bhagwant University0.6387.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of Text;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1320
https://openalex.org/I2610724Chemnitz University of Technology0.6792.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1321
https://openalex.org/I2802081207Ural State Law University0.6717.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1322
https://openalex.org/I4387156470Mazaya University College0.5978535353535354418.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1323
https://openalex.org/I99908691Yuan Ze University0.5968253968253968879.0Breach of Policy by Author;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1324
https://openalex.org/I168719708City University of Hong Kong0.5928571428571429396.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1325
https://openalex.org/I4210146358Raisoni Group of Institutions0.5928571428571429751.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1326
https://openalex.org/I82497590Auburn University0.59090909090909091421.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1327
https://openalex.org/I183859904Islamic Azad University, Mashhad0.59090909090909093649.0Concerns/Issues about Image;1328
https://openalex.org/I1305695959Bacha Khan University0.5909090909090909149.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Data;1329
https://openalex.org/I1516879Tarbiat Modares University0.58730158730158721775.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Error in Text;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1330
https://openalex.org/I4210087915Massachusetts General Hospital0.5859649122807018996.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Article;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Data;Error in Image;Error in Text;Euphemisms for Duplication;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Updated to Retraction;1331
https://openalex.org/I48076826Chiang Mai University0.58571428571428571136.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1332
https://openalex.org/I246743127The University of Agriculture, Peshawar0.5833333333333334688.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1333
https://openalex.org/I153487414Haramaya University0.5833333333333334385.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Article;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1334
https://openalex.org/I24407930Hunan University of Science and Engineering0.58333333333333331396.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1335
https://openalex.org/I154425047University of Alberta0.58333333333333332241.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Updated to Retraction;1336
https://openalex.org/I4210098361First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University0.5833333333333333825.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1337
https://openalex.org/I157703844International University of Sarajevo0.58333333333333331242.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1338
https://openalex.org/I4210148548Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital0.5833333333333333953.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1339
https://openalex.org/I24062138Konkuk University0.5833333333333333831.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Article;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Plagiarism of Text;1340
https://openalex.org/I4210093194Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center0.5833333333333333828.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1341
https://openalex.org/I112819271Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University0.5833333333333333524.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1342
https://openalex.org/I4210162459Karakalpak State University0.5833333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1343
https://openalex.org/I4210160452Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province0.58333333333333331146.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Article;Error in Analyses;Error in Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1344
https://openalex.org/I4210091098Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College0.5833333333333333552.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1345
https://openalex.org/I52605992National Open University of Nigeria0.5833333333333333642.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1346
https://openalex.org/I4210099437Hubei University Of Economics0.58333333333333331639.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1347
https://openalex.org/I4210121772Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord0.58333333333333331022.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1348
https://openalex.org/I4210117378Taihe Hospital0.58333333333333331789.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Article;Error in Analyses;Error in Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1349
https://openalex.org/I36001604University of Peshawar0.5833333333333333557.0Author Unresponsive;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1350
https://openalex.org/I78650965Technische Universität Dresden0.58333333333333331383.0Error in Analyses;1351
https://openalex.org/I165859042Huaibei Normal University0.5833333333333333382.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1352
https://openalex.org/I4210090327Liuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital0.58333333333333332378.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1353
https://openalex.org/I127908078Shahrekord University0.58333333333333332265.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1354
https://openalex.org/I12553626University of Zululand0.5833333333333333899.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1355
https://openalex.org/I196038209Hunan University of Arts and Science0.5833333333333333424.0Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1356
https://openalex.org/I2800605188Aja University of Medical Sciences0.58333333333333333537.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1357
https://openalex.org/I4210166402Yangpu Hospital of Tongji University0.58333333333333331256.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1358
https://openalex.org/I4210131560Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique0.5833333333333333704.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1359
https://openalex.org/I43439940University of Southampton0.5833333333333333164.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1360
https://openalex.org/I4210109945Yue Bei People's Hospital0.58333333333333331470.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1361
https://openalex.org/I4210159575Huashan Hospital0.58333333333333331317.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1362
https://openalex.org/I71305448Voronezh State University0.5833333333333333794.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1363
https://openalex.org/I33103891Ardabil University of Medical Sciences0.58333333333333331936.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Updated to Retraction;1364
https://openalex.org/I91935597University of South China0.5833333333333333732.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1365
https://openalex.org/I4391767686State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genomic Biology0.58333333333333332670.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Animal Welfare;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Image;Updated to Correction;1366
https://openalex.org/I143150842Urmia University of Technology0.58333333333333331814.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1367
https://openalex.org/I84058292Helwan University0.58257575757575751047.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1368
https://openalex.org/I5847235University of Petroleum and Energy Studies0.5789682539682539904.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1369
https://openalex.org/I52207611Al Baha University0.5769230769230769629.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;1370
https://openalex.org/I128193699Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra0.5769230769230769624.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1371
https://openalex.org/I155976169Witten/Herdecke University0.5761904761904761284.0Cites Retracted Work;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1372
https://openalex.org/I47265099Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology0.575737.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1373
https://openalex.org/I3132284232Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo0.5714285714285714834.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1374
https://openalex.org/I91807558National Cheng Kung University0.5694444444444444689.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1375
https://openalex.org/I4210158722Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface0.56834733893557422516.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Error in Text;Investigation by Company/Institution;1376
https://openalex.org/I202697423University of Zurich0.56666666666666672573.5Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Company/Institution;Unreliable Data;1377
https://openalex.org/I126231945Queen's University Belfast0.5611111111111111383.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1378
https://openalex.org/I4210087487Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille0.55952380952380951246.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Retract and Replace;1379
https://openalex.org/I4210145812Cancer Genetics (United States)0.55833333333333337064.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Company/Institution;1380
https://openalex.org/I138537684Gauhati University0.55833333333333331086.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1381
https://openalex.org/I4388482653Al Noor University College0.5444444444444444245.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1382
https://openalex.org/I79189158University of Castilla-La Mancha0.54166666666666661344.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1383
https://openalex.org/I19716509Jamia Hamdard0.54166666666666661354.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1384
https://openalex.org/I4210088086Capital University of Science and Technology0.5409090909090911141.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Error in Data;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1385
https://openalex.org/I119217307Opole University of Technology0.5373015873015873716.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1386
https://openalex.org/I3018660459Saint Petersburg Mining University0.5333333333333333780.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1387
https://openalex.org/I170239107University of South Australia0.5333333333333333718.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Updated to Retraction;1388
https://openalex.org/I90090648Shijiazhuang Tiedao University0.53333333333333331458.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1389
https://openalex.org/I2801349156University of Haripur0.53333333333333331101.0Author Unresponsive;Complaints about Author;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Duplication of Data;Duplication of Text;Euphemisms for Duplication;Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Data;1390
https://openalex.org/I67009956Iran University of Science and Technology0.53333333333333331010.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1391
https://openalex.org/I130309236Kafrelsheikh University0.5333333333333333565.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Duplication of Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1392
https://openalex.org/I201726411United Arab Emirates University0.53333333333333332214.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1393
https://openalex.org/I40279923Islamic University0.53333333333333331170.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1394
https://openalex.org/I166722992University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School0.53333333333333331594.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;False/Forged Authorship;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1395
https://openalex.org/I83259278Manouba University0.5333333333333333326.5Cites Retracted Work;Objections by Author(s);1396
https://openalex.org/I189909677Pakistan Institute of Development Economics0.5333333333333333772.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1397
https://openalex.org/I145846420University of Jammu0.5333333333333333233.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1398
https://openalex.org/I4210092214H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University0.5333333333333333591.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1399
https://openalex.org/I4210141719University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital0.53333333333333332114.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;1400
https://openalex.org/I157771985China National Nuclear Corporation0.5333333333333333655.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1401
https://openalex.org/I83776822Shandong Institute of Business and Technology0.53333333333333331164.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1402
https://openalex.org/I4210142834Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary0.53194444444444441333.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Duplication of/in Article;Error in Text;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);1403
https://openalex.org/I106245021Çankaya University0.53194444444444441333.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Duplication of/in Article;Error in Text;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);1404
https://openalex.org/I4387154453Al-Ayen Iraqi University0.527457264957265733.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1405
https://openalex.org/I12649496INTI International University0.5242424242424242320.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1406
https://openalex.org/I4210125537Lebanese French University0.5194444444444445892.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1407
https://openalex.org/I51317819Institute of Medical Sciences0.5178571428571428251.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1408
https://openalex.org/I1301411061Pasteur Institute of Iran0.5111111111111111674.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Image;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1409
https://openalex.org/I4399657950Tamale Technical University0.5095238095238095751.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1410
https://openalex.org/I2800834503Tamale Teaching Hospital0.5095238095238095751.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1411
https://openalex.org/I4210107588Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes0.50952380952380953065.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);1412
https://openalex.org/I4210100043Superior University0.5039682539682541127.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1413
https://openalex.org/I51216347Anglia Ruskin University0.503968253968254862.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1414
https://openalex.org/I4210155194Direct Electron (United States)0.51114.5Cites Retracted Work;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1415
https://openalex.org/I4399657946Rajalakshmi Engineering College0.5658.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1416
https://openalex.org/I147139432Tianjin University of Sport0.5641.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1417
https://openalex.org/I68763199Universidad Católica de Murcia0.52193.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Company/Institution;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Salami Slicing;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1418
https://openalex.org/I68581759China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology0.5218.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1419
https://openalex.org/I4210155527Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University0.5672.0Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1420
https://openalex.org/I189998669Holy Spirit University of Kaslik0.5560.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Error in Analyses;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Results Not Reproducible;1421
https://openalex.org/I4210137763Centre for Global Health Research0.5443.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1422
https://openalex.org/I4210159223Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine0.5492.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1423
https://openalex.org/I13567498Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology0.51412.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Plagiarism of Text;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1424
https://openalex.org/I4210139449Ningxia Medical University General Hospital0.5702.0Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1425
https://openalex.org/I2801036794Hayatabad Medical Complex0.532.0Error in Analyses;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1426
https://openalex.org/I14748160Jinggangshan University0.5554.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1427
https://openalex.org/I882248123Delta University for Science and Technology0.51237.0Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Manipulation of Images;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;1428
https://openalex.org/I4210107332Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre0.5678.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1429
https://openalex.org/I188884621Lodz University of Technology0.5155.0Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Error in Analyses;Error in Image;Error in Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1430
https://openalex.org/I18774595Baltic State Technical University Voenmeh0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1431
https://openalex.org/I26285277Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya0.5534.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1432
https://openalex.org/I4210127912Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College0.5560.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1433
https://openalex.org/I57156483Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1434
https://openalex.org/I23151741Volgograd State Pedagogical University0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1435
https://openalex.org/I129975664Albert Einstein College of Medicine0.5595.0Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1436
https://openalex.org/I133190216Shahjalal University of Science and Technology0.5127.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Duplication of/in Article;Error in Analyses;Error in Methods;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1437
https://openalex.org/I931681460Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman0.5706.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1438
https://openalex.org/I4210134540China Ocean Shipping (China)0.51921.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1439
https://openalex.org/I260099557Armenian State University of Economics0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1440
https://openalex.org/I4210106255Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University0.5461.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1441
https://openalex.org/I77826658St Vincents Institute of Medical Research0.54340.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);1442
https://openalex.org/I4210108633Aba Teachers University0.5425.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1443
https://openalex.org/I4210145773Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital0.52414.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;1444
https://openalex.org/I4210089228West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University0.52072.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1445
https://openalex.org/I4210145534Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ed Alta Specializzazione0.51019.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1446
https://openalex.org/I4210106438Centre for Higher Education0.5840.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1447
https://openalex.org/I4210109004Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital0.51294.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1448
https://openalex.org/I4210090502Jiujiang Vocational University0.52078.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;False/Forged Authorship;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1449
https://openalex.org/I4210139608The First People's Hospital of Tianmen0.5406.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1450
https://openalex.org/I2801267580Saint Petersburg State University of Economics0.5794.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1451
https://openalex.org/I4210104306Tongmyong University0.5906.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1452
https://openalex.org/I145894827Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur0.51812.0Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Plagiarism of Image;Taken from Dissertation/Thesis;1453
https://openalex.org/I146429904Incheon National University0.5737.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1454
https://openalex.org/I4210087731Guizhou Education University0.5260.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1455
https://openalex.org/I4210108106Nanomaterials Research (United States)0.52105.0Notice - Lack of;1456
https://openalex.org/I4210086551Academic Degrees & Graduate Education0.51273.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1457
https://openalex.org/I4210156971The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou0.5314.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1458
https://openalex.org/I4210156904Third Xiangya Hospital0.51046.0Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1459
https://openalex.org/I4210157579Shell (Japan)0.5469.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1460
https://openalex.org/I4210156464Anhui Xinhua University0.5732.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1461
https://openalex.org/I167420956Vilnius Gediminas Technical University0.52824.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1462
https://openalex.org/I4210108109Beijing Enterprises (China)0.51130.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1463
https://openalex.org/I4210156372Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1464
https://openalex.org/I168673124Tianjin Chengjian University0.5298.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1465
https://openalex.org/I165737746Tomas Bata University in Zlín0.51558.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1466
https://openalex.org/I4210105573Foshan Hospital of TCM0.5985.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1467
https://openalex.org/I4210107307SGIDI Engineering Consulting (China)0.5544.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1468
https://openalex.org/I4210107055China Academy of Transportation Sciences0.5768.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1469
https://openalex.org/I4210106614Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College0.53906.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1470
https://openalex.org/I80188885Nippon Medical School0.5281.0Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1471
https://openalex.org/I166846921Liaoning Shihua University0.51746.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1472
https://openalex.org/I25547181Bharat Heavy Electricals (India)0.5931.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1473
https://openalex.org/I4210156460Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital0.5309.0Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1474
https://openalex.org/I4210143969Ningbo Polytechnic0.5119.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1475
https://openalex.org/I4210090066First People’s Hospital of Jingmen0.51782.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;1476
https://openalex.org/I4210089766National University of Skills0.5376.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1477
https://openalex.org/I4210089760Protochips (United States)0.51114.5Cites Retracted Work;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1478
https://openalex.org/I4210105984Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine0.5533.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1479
https://openalex.org/I4210091843Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province0.52238.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;1480
https://openalex.org/I4210154636Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council0.52316.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1481
https://openalex.org/I4210154338Hubei Engineering University0.52072.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1482
https://openalex.org/I4210091343Shanghai Stomatological Hospital0.5431.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1483
https://openalex.org/I25205351Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology0.5248.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1484
https://openalex.org/I166427055Xinjiang Agricultural University0.5728.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1485
https://openalex.org/I2722730Inner Mongolia University0.5371.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1486
https://openalex.org/I4210144189The First People's Hospital of Wenling0.585.0Duplication of/in Article;Error in Data;Error in Methods;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1487
https://openalex.org/I133771110University of Cape Coast0.5353.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1488
https://openalex.org/I4210144541Social Change and Development0.5352.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1489
https://openalex.org/I1334095494New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene0.51172.0Error in Data;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1490
https://openalex.org/I4210125036Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics0.52156.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1491
https://openalex.org/I4210124900Inner Mongolia People's Hospital0.51073.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1492
https://openalex.org/I4210124809Peking University People's Hospital0.53642.0Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;1493
https://openalex.org/I4210135077Al Yamamah University0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1494
https://openalex.org/I202126657Qufu Normal University0.51547.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1495
https://openalex.org/I149594827Xidian University0.5272.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1496
https://openalex.org/I273442994Aleksandër Moisiu University0.5118.0Error by Journal/Publisher;1497
https://openalex.org/I860388503Sias University0.5714.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;1498
https://openalex.org/I4210100550Zhejiang DongFang Vocational and Technical College0.5443.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of Text;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1499
https://openalex.org/I4387154110Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology0.5274.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1500
https://openalex.org/I4210101984Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine0.5786.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1501
https://openalex.org/I117222138Abu Dhabi University0.5643.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1502
https://openalex.org/I4210150808Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University0.5723.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1503
https://openalex.org/I4210150385Innovation Team (China)0.5750.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1504
https://openalex.org/I4210150271Integrative Health Technologies (United States)0.5519.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1505
https://openalex.org/I4210100029Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital0.5427.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1506
https://openalex.org/I4210099638Kabardino-Balkarian State University0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1507
https://openalex.org/I4210102855First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine0.5492.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1508
https://openalex.org/I127366699Tula State University0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1509
https://openalex.org/I4210147332Beijing YouAn Hospital0.5849.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1510
https://openalex.org/I4210147226Volgograd State Agricultural University0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1511
https://openalex.org/I4210133042Hainan 301 Hospital0.5622.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1512
https://openalex.org/I22046295Inner Mongolia Normal University0.51367.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1513
https://openalex.org/I21642278Ningxia University0.5706.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1514
https://openalex.org/I206437052University of Management and Technology0.52070.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1515
https://openalex.org/I205924995Japan Society for the Promotion of Science0.54382.0Error in Image;Falsification/Fabrication of Image;Investigation by Company/Institution;Misconduct - Official Investigation(s) and/or Finding(s);Misconduct by Author;1516
https://openalex.org/I4210151462New York Genome Center0.5387.0Error in Methods;Unreliable Data;1517
https://openalex.org/I103703290Sakarya University0.5895.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1518
https://openalex.org/I103531236Boston College0.5101.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Error in Analyses;Error in Data;Lack of Approval from Author;Lack of Approval from Third Party;1519
https://openalex.org/I16038530Aberystwyth University0.51108.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1520
https://openalex.org/I4210094450First People's Hospital of Yuhang District0.5527.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1521
https://openalex.org/I4210102673Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital0.5633.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1522
https://openalex.org/I4210137344Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo0.5394.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of Approval from Third Party;1523
https://openalex.org/I4210099028Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University0.5957.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1524
https://openalex.org/I4210098763Wujiang District People's Hospital0.5705.0Author Unresponsive;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1525
https://openalex.org/I4210149102Sanya University0.5704.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of Data;Plagiarism of Text;1526
https://openalex.org/I4210149087Xi'an Railway Survey and Design Institute0.5408.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1527
https://openalex.org/I4210149962Sanming University0.52652.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1528
https://openalex.org/I1313298211St. Jude Children's Research Hospital0.55054.0Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Company/Institution;Unreliable Data;1529
https://openalex.org/I102322142Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey0.5413.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Error in Data;Error in Methods;Error in Results and/or Conclusions;1530
https://openalex.org/I4210129015Weihai Maternal and Child Health Hospital0.52239.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1531
https://openalex.org/I4210128813Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission0.52141.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1532
https://openalex.org/I4210128808University of Samarra0.5672.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1533
https://openalex.org/I1306291479Islamic Azad University Roudehen Branch0.582.0Error in Text;Updated to Retraction;1534
https://openalex.org/I130750295Xinyang Normal University0.5568.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1535
https://openalex.org/I154338468University of Fribourg0.51256.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1536
https://openalex.org/I4210148038South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust0.5274.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1537
https://openalex.org/I4396570472Altoosi University College0.5672.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1538
https://openalex.org/I4210118409Jiangsu Provincial Party School0.5195.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1539
https://openalex.org/I421011831781th Hospital of PLA0.51415.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1540
https://openalex.org/I4210118311Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1541
https://openalex.org/I4210119369Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1542
https://openalex.org/I4210119234Xiangyang Central Hospital0.5482.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1543
https://openalex.org/I4210119097Institute of Economics and Management0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1544
https://openalex.org/I4210119042Gannan Normal University0.5781.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1545
https://openalex.org/I2802328216Vienna General Hospital0.5174.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Updated to Retraction;1546
https://openalex.org/I2802209374King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital0.5818.0Copyright Claims;Lack of Approval from Third Party;1547
https://openalex.org/I154632036Misr University for Science and Technology0.5317.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1548
https://openalex.org/I13236232TOBB University of Economics and Technology0.5723.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1549
https://openalex.org/I4210128557Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research0.5672.0Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1550
https://openalex.org/I4210128175Shanghai East Hospital0.5218.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1551
https://openalex.org/I4210152095Xinxiang Central Hospital0.5443.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1552
https://openalex.org/I4210152006Jilin Agricultural University0.5772.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Data;1553
https://openalex.org/I4210094663North Caucasian Zonal Scientific Research Veterinary Institute0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1554
https://openalex.org/I163770644Okayama University0.5764.0Falsification/Fabrication of Data;Investigation by Company/Institution;Manipulation of Images;Misconduct - Official Investigation(s) and/or Finding(s);1555
https://openalex.org/I4210092324Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1556
https://openalex.org/I4210094363Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona0.54455.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1557
https://openalex.org/I4210094071Taizhou Second People's Hospital0.5514.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1558
https://openalex.org/I4210153608Université Moulay Ismail de Meknes0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1559
https://openalex.org/I82333064Chinese Academy of Governance0.51921.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1560
https://openalex.org/I4210151293Municipal Autonomous Healthcare Institution0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1561
https://openalex.org/I162827531Indian Institute of Technology Bombay0.55344.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Text;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1562
https://openalex.org/I162714631George Mason University0.5613.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Error in Data;Error in Image;Error in Text;Retract and Replace;1563
https://openalex.org/I4210093819Buryat State Academy of Agriculture0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1564
https://openalex.org/I87424562Ithaca College0.52056.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1565
https://openalex.org/I87289247Murmansk State Technical University0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1566
https://openalex.org/I4210146767Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce0.5257.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1567
https://openalex.org/I150744194Waseda University0.5841.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1568
https://openalex.org/I15062923Tianjin Normal University0.5841.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1569
https://openalex.org/I4210146157Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Group of Institutions0.5521.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1570
https://openalex.org/I4210105182Zhuhai People's Hospital0.5756.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1571
https://openalex.org/I165225704Xizang Minzu University0.5659.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1572
https://openalex.org/I164946172Hengshui University0.5603.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1573
https://openalex.org/I80850581Universidade Federal de Uberlândia0.5767.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1574
https://openalex.org/I83683471University of West Florida0.51804.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1575
https://openalex.org/I83180283Ventura College0.51573.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Article;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;1576
https://openalex.org/I82767444Universidad de Málaga0.5273.0Error in Analyses;Error in Data;Error in Image;Error in Results and/or Conclusions;Error in Text;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Miscommunication with/by Author;1577
https://openalex.org/I4210095398Mianyang Central Hospital0.5875.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1578
https://openalex.org/I4210095143Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo-Forlanini0.51136.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1579
https://openalex.org/I151878197Pingdingshan University0.51187.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1580
https://openalex.org/I4210150208Molecular Oncology (United States)0.56757.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Updated to Retraction;1581
https://openalex.org/I4210101318Hirslanden Klinik Beau-Site0.5643.0Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1582
https://openalex.org/I4210103380All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Water Supply "Raduga"0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1583
https://openalex.org/I4210093544Wuhan Puai Hospital0.5968.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1584
https://openalex.org/I112728665Hannam University0.5264.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of Approval from Third Party;1585
https://openalex.org/I28290843University of Surrey0.52072.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1586
https://openalex.org/I132369690Tianjin University of Science and Technology0.5318.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1587
https://openalex.org/I137902535North Carolina State University0.5545.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1588
https://openalex.org/I4210139110Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine0.5640.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1589
https://openalex.org/I4210118728State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing0.51623.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1590
https://openalex.org/I4210118629NARI Group (China)0.5251.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1591
https://openalex.org/I4387155059Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology0.5742.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1592
https://openalex.org/I115748381Assumption University0.5415.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1593
https://openalex.org/I4210117535Cognizant (India)0.52284.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1594
https://openalex.org/I68106152Universidade Federal de Goiás0.5767.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1595
https://openalex.org/I67581229Istanbul University0.5789.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1596
https://openalex.org/I91138267Islamic Azad University of Shiraz0.5154.0Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Plagiarism of Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1597
https://openalex.org/I205746353University of Dhaka0.5507.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1598
https://openalex.org/I52623189Bushehr University of Medical Sciences0.5739.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1599
https://openalex.org/I90735388Kosin University0.54338.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Article;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1600
https://openalex.org/I3131771360Buein Zahra Technical University0.563.0Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of/in Article;Taken via Translation;1601
https://openalex.org/I3131573596Abbottabad University of Science and Technology0.5515.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1602
https://openalex.org/I3131484930National Institute of Technology Nagaland0.5820.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1603
https://openalex.org/I4210114338Suning (China)0.5401.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1604
https://openalex.org/I4210135742Shanghai First People's Hospital0.54305.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1605
https://openalex.org/I19128659Indonesian Institute of Sciences0.51785.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1606
https://openalex.org/I63525965Western Sydney University0.5221.0Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of/in Article;1607
https://openalex.org/I63072094University of Portsmouth0.5221.0Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of/in Article;1608
https://openalex.org/I6292670Fatima Jinnah Women University0.51227.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1609
https://openalex.org/I4210137074Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging0.51842.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1610
https://openalex.org/I4210136919Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine0.5443.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1611
https://openalex.org/I4210136596First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University0.5671.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1612
https://openalex.org/I157674565University of Liège0.5102.0Doing the Right Thing;Error in Materials;Error in Results and/or Conclusions;Retract and Replace;1613
https://openalex.org/I1341823161Pyeongtaek University0.5264.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of Approval from Third Party;1614
https://openalex.org/I134161618National Taiwan Normal University0.51124.0Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Investigation by Third Party;1615
https://openalex.org/I4210114215Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after B.N. Yeltsin0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1616
https://openalex.org/I3130110478Universidad Tecnológica de Honduras0.51709.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1617
https://openalex.org/I3129804665Philippine Christian University0.5370.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1618
https://openalex.org/I3131304771Alfred Nobel University0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1619
https://openalex.org/I3130880545Tashkent Financial Institute0.5736.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1620
https://openalex.org/I182202855South East European University0.5118.0Error by Journal/Publisher;1621
https://openalex.org/I181653535San Diego Supercomputer Center0.56039.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Article;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Data;Error in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1622
https://openalex.org/I181414168Texas A&M University – Kingsville0.5992.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1623
https://openalex.org/I4210165024Institute of Infection and Immunity0.53271.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Error in Image;Objections by Author(s);1624
https://openalex.org/I3130156138Jilin College of the Arts0.51633.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1625
https://openalex.org/I4210136241Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute0.51173.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1626
https://openalex.org/I4210142590Centre For Digestive Diseases0.51573.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Article;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;1627
https://openalex.org/I4210142329The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College0.5577.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1628
https://openalex.org/I4210142313École Nationale d'Agriculture de Meknès0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1629
https://openalex.org/I4210163873Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology0.5289.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1630
https://openalex.org/I4210163840Islamic Azad University of Urmia0.5729.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1631
https://openalex.org/I4210141689Yancheng Teachers University0.592.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1632
https://openalex.org/I4210141682Air Force General Hospital PLA0.5467.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1633
https://openalex.org/I114234892Beijing Union University0.5812.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1634
https://openalex.org/I32401161Gandhara University0.5661.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1635
https://openalex.org/I32394136Northumbria University0.5469.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1636
https://openalex.org/I32389192University of Alabama at Birmingham0.52070.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1637
https://openalex.org/I32246829Guangdong University of Education0.51867.0Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of/in Article;1638
https://openalex.org/I4210163247Henan Institute of Science and Technology0.5726.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1639
https://openalex.org/I129774422University of Vienna0.5174.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Updated to Retraction;1640
https://openalex.org/I4537092Addis Ababa University0.5366.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;False/Forged Authorship;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of Approval from Third Party;1641
https://openalex.org/I2800200322Tianjin First Center Hospital0.52101.0Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1642
https://openalex.org/I74796645Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani0.52344.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1643
https://openalex.org/I7446070Woosuk University0.5750.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1644
https://openalex.org/I4210113495Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University0.51393.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1645
https://openalex.org/I4210113261Jiangxi Transportation Research Institute0.5781.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1646
https://openalex.org/I11406153Shanghai International Studies University0.5441.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1647
https://openalex.org/I89440247Myongji University0.54493.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Article;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Data;Error in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1648
https://openalex.org/I3130607311Changsha Normal University0.5528.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1649
https://openalex.org/I4210164269Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control0.51497.0Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;1650
https://openalex.org/I75124487Gdańsk Medical University0.51141.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Plagiarism of Data;1651
https://openalex.org/I4210162246Loudi Central Hospital0.5854.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1652
https://openalex.org/I3129553732Togliatti State University0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1653
https://openalex.org/I3129367976A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University0.51098.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1654
https://openalex.org/I3121641575Yasouj University0.51306.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1655
https://openalex.org/I14116566Wuhan Polytechnic University0.52142.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1656
https://openalex.org/I114432228Siam University0.5418.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1657
https://openalex.org/I97750245Software (Spain)0.52315.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1658
https://openalex.org/I4210130134Prevention of Organ Failure0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1659
https://openalex.org/I4210130112China Academy of Information and Communications Technology0.5280.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1660
https://openalex.org/I2802835388Seoul National University Hospital0.5189.0Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;1661
https://openalex.org/I111262870Universitat de Miguel Hernández d'Elx0.52193.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Company/Institution;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Salami Slicing;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1662
https://openalex.org/I4210133012Nizhny Novgorod State University of Engineering and Economics0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1663
https://openalex.org/I96673099Technical University of Denmark0.5732.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;1664
https://openalex.org/I905225518Shanghai University of International Business and Economics0.5271.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1665
https://openalex.org/I1282638777Botanical Survey of India0.51729.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1666
https://openalex.org/I4210149251Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital0.5314.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1667
https://openalex.org/I4210131893Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University0.52299.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Plagiarism of Image;Unreliable Data;1668
https://openalex.org/I100051649Privolzhsky Research Medical University0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1669
https://openalex.org/I22716506Lanzhou University of Technology0.51554.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1670
https://openalex.org/I12079687Edith Cowan University0.51124.0Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Investigation by Third Party;1671
https://openalex.org/I56409017Nahrain University0.5672.0Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1672
https://openalex.org/I2801874071Warwick Hospital0.5274.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1673
https://openalex.org/I2801769982First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University0.51027.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1674
https://openalex.org/I91080651International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology0.56138.0Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;1675
https://openalex.org/I4210132841Taizhou Central Hospital0.51007.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1676
https://openalex.org/I4210132231International University of Business Agriculture and Technology0.51014.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1677
https://openalex.org/I10011244Huanggang Normal University0.5400.0Author Unresponsive;Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1678
https://openalex.org/I4210164143Yueqing People's Hospital0.5365.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1679
https://openalex.org/I3132158377Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz0.552.0Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1680
https://openalex.org/I890469752Ministry of Industry and Information Technology0.51500.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1681
https://openalex.org/I129628643Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo0.5944.0Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1682
https://openalex.org/I142899784University of Sfax0.51333.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1683
https://openalex.org/I67054835American University of Science and Technology0.5560.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Error in Analyses;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Results Not Reproducible;1684
https://openalex.org/I65674248Visvesvaraya Technological University0.5264.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1685
https://openalex.org/I44445938Shandong Jianzhu University0.51868.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1686
https://openalex.org/I43526919Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros0.552.0Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1687
https://openalex.org/I43313876Dalian Maritime University0.5164.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Error in Text;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1688
https://openalex.org/I304664074Landmark University0.51895.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1689
https://openalex.org/I90425906South Asian University0.56918.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1690
https://openalex.org/I4210165865Institute of General and Experimental Biology0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1691
https://openalex.org/I4210113703Henan University of Urban Construction0.5322.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1692
https://openalex.org/I4210115448Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1693
https://openalex.org/I4210115169Second Artillery General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army0.51351.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1694
https://openalex.org/I18452120Yantai University0.5180.0Concerns/Issues about Animal Welfare;Concerns/Issues about Article;Lack of Approval from Company/Institution;Results Not Reproducible;1695
https://openalex.org/I4210166603Jinling Institute of Technology0.5406.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1696
https://openalex.org/I4210166515First People's Hospital of Jingzhou0.5571.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1697
https://openalex.org/I184565670Georgetown University0.54155.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Copyright Claims;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1698
https://openalex.org/I2801452159Vignana Jyothi Institute of Management0.5887.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1699
https://openalex.org/I4392021195ICMR National Institute for Research in Environmental Health0.51527.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1700
https://openalex.org/I4401726822Ping An (China)0.51367.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1701
https://openalex.org/I4400573270Wenzhou University of Technology0.5723.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1702
https://openalex.org/I2801312332Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps0.5771.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1703
https://openalex.org/I89763489Vladivostok State University0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1704
https://openalex.org/I288011450Comilla University0.5933.0Plagiarism of/in Article;1705
https://openalex.org/I286312201Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture0.5166.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1706
https://openalex.org/I3020668385Instituto Federal Goiano0.5767.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1707
https://openalex.org/I4210117450Federico II University Hospital0.51252.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1708
https://openalex.org/I4210117200Military Space Academy named after AF Mozhaisky0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1709
https://openalex.org/I4210117092All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar0.5887.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1710
https://openalex.org/I4210159865Xiangya Hospital Central South University0.52755.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Plagiarism of Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1711
https://openalex.org/I4210159778National Research Council Canada0.54095.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1712
https://openalex.org/I4210159532Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1713
https://openalex.org/I4210108543National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1714
https://openalex.org/I4210108370Panzhihua University0.51080.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1715
https://openalex.org/I4210143900Rural Development Institute0.51488.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1716
https://openalex.org/I91203450University of Haifa0.51659.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1717
https://openalex.org/I4210158249Wuhan Youfu Hospital0.5443.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1718
https://openalex.org/I921716337Northeast Petroleum University0.5735.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1719
https://openalex.org/I92039331Theodor Bilharz Research Institute0.51632.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1720
https://openalex.org/I1339065421Defence Science and Technology Laboratory0.56707.0Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;1721
https://openalex.org/I4210121805Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital0.5617.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1722
https://openalex.org/I4210121771First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University0.52299.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Plagiarism of Image;Unreliable Data;1723
https://openalex.org/I4210121340Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities0.5415.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1724
https://openalex.org/I4210123605Institute of Economics0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1725
https://openalex.org/I2799773085Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command0.53924.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;1726
https://openalex.org/I195373058Honam University0.52489.0Duplication of/in Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1727
https://openalex.org/I36448004Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology0.51101.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1728
https://openalex.org/I36399199Nanjing University of Science and Technology0.5540.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1729
https://openalex.org/I4210085988Wolkite University0.51337.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1730
https://openalex.org/I4210087849University of Rwanda0.5101.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Error in Analyses;Error in Data;Lack of Approval from Author;Lack of Approval from Third Party;1731
https://openalex.org/I80281795University of Otago0.5281.0Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1732
https://openalex.org/I200432940Allameh Tabataba'i University0.52824.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1733
https://openalex.org/I27895137Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech0.5102.0Doing the Right Thing;Error in Materials;Error in Results and/or Conclusions;Retract and Replace;1734
https://openalex.org/I4210135003Clinica Universidad de Navarra0.5338.0Error in Data;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1735
https://openalex.org/I4210134929Jilin Province Science and Technology Department0.5712.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1736
https://openalex.org/I4210122818Taizhou People's Hospital0.5705.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1737
https://openalex.org/I4210124327Republican Oncological Clinical Dispensary0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1738
https://openalex.org/I4210123834Perm State Agricultural Academy0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1739
https://openalex.org/I4210123815Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang0.5806.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1740
https://openalex.org/I4210123686Quzhou University0.5735.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1741
https://openalex.org/I200166805Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust0.51136.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1742
https://openalex.org/I28813325Civil Aviation University of China0.52198.0Cites Retracted Work;Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1743
https://openalex.org/I37574244Sichuan Agricultural University0.53713.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Plagiarism of Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1744
https://openalex.org/I36152291Henan University of Technology0.5188.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1745
https://openalex.org/I4210158804Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences0.5627.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1746
https://openalex.org/I4210158774Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital0.5402.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1747
https://openalex.org/I4210115624Hunan Cancer Hospital0.51825.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Data;1748
https://openalex.org/I4210139935Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after Skryabin0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1749
https://openalex.org/I421011692982th Hospital of Pla0.52351.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1750
https://openalex.org/I4210116552Boxing People's Hospital0.5843.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1751
https://openalex.org/I4210116071Suzhou Municipal Hospital0.5551.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1752
https://openalex.org/I111971639Qiqihar University0.5207.0Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;1753
https://openalex.org/I4387152397State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company0.5544.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1754
https://openalex.org/I291386647Belarusian State University0.52683.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1755
https://openalex.org/I199143407Sunchon National University0.5429.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1756
https://openalex.org/I3018397418Yuhuangding Hospital0.52616.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;1757
https://openalex.org/I29787537Afe Babalola University0.5640.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1758
https://openalex.org/I29770179Budapest University of Technology and Economics0.5228.0Error in Image;Error in Text;1759
https://openalex.org/I4387152206All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh0.5887.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1760
https://openalex.org/I3123529209Samara State Technical University0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1761
https://openalex.org/I3123069486Perm National Research Polytechnic University0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1762
https://openalex.org/I91041137Assiut University0.51110.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1763
https://openalex.org/I185249246Central Drug Research Institute0.5165.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1764
https://openalex.org/I4210115919The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region0.5854.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1765
https://openalex.org/I31595395Chengdu University of Technology0.5737.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1766
https://openalex.org/I315205436Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology0.5418.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1767
https://openalex.org/I125219893Saratov State University0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1768
https://openalex.org/I36234482University of Bristol0.5531.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1769
https://openalex.org/I174216632City University of New York0.51172.0Error in Data;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1770
https://openalex.org/I4210162058Capital University of Physical Education and Sports0.5241.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;Plagiarism of Text;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1771
https://openalex.org/I4210161890Cixian People's Hospital0.5362.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1772
https://openalex.org/I344018163Dedan Kimathi University of Technology0.5469.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1773
https://openalex.org/I34250744University of Łódź0.5155.0Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Error in Analyses;Error in Image;Error in Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1774
https://openalex.org/I193184871Polytechnic University of Tirana0.5228.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1775
https://openalex.org/I2800187215Korean Intellectual Property Office0.52489.0Duplication of/in Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1776
https://openalex.org/I4210135740Haier Group (China)0.5839.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1777
https://openalex.org/I4210122334Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1778
https://openalex.org/I4210122309Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University0.51270.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1779
https://openalex.org/I4401726862St. Xavier's College (Autonomous)0.5356.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1780
https://openalex.org/I916048824Hunan First Normal University0.5750.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1781
https://openalex.org/I174385955Hefei Normal University0.5176.0Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Plagiarism of/in Article;1782
https://openalex.org/I4210160145Vital Therapies (United States)0.54096.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Data;1783
https://openalex.org/I10899854Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine0.5413.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1784
https://openalex.org/I173911158Iowa State University0.5792.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1785
https://openalex.org/I4210161526Beijing Building Construction Research Institute (China)0.5246.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1786
https://openalex.org/I4210110441Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University0.5600.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1787
https://openalex.org/I4210110371Russian Academy of Education0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1788
https://openalex.org/I4210109313Zhengzhou City Hospital0.5611.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1789
https://openalex.org/I4210160763Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital0.5639.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1790
https://openalex.org/I4210160748Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital0.5568.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1791
https://openalex.org/I2799736854Nanjing Institute of Technology0.5540.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1792
https://openalex.org/I2799377600Sydney Adventist Hospital0.54340.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);1793
https://openalex.org/I11983389Manchester Metropolitan University0.5348.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1794
https://openalex.org/I3018483916University Medical Center Utrecht0.56757.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Updated to Retraction;1795
https://openalex.org/I2799939184Home Depot (United States)0.5416.0Investigation by Company/Institution;Manipulation of Images;Plagiarism of Text;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);1796
https://openalex.org/I2799903593Georgetown University Medical Center0.54155.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Copyright Claims;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1797
https://openalex.org/I46529539Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0.5368.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1798
https://openalex.org/I45571689Moscow Aviation Institute0.5490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1799
https://openalex.org/I33926330Al-Balqa Applied University0.5799.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1800
https://openalex.org/I4210109082Development Research and Projects Centre0.5228.0Error in Image;Error in Text;1801
https://openalex.org/I4210111263The First Hospital of Changsha0.5380.0Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1802
https://openalex.org/I142823887St. John's University0.5595.0Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1803
https://openalex.org/I3163904508National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries0.5336.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1804
https://openalex.org/I31637741Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology0.5280.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1805
https://openalex.org/I70699430Utkal University0.51412.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Plagiarism of Text;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1806
https://openalex.org/I18570673Guangxi University of Science and Technology0.51646.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1807
https://openalex.org/I283262890Valencia Catholic University Saint Vincent Martyr0.5338.0Error in Data;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1808
https://openalex.org/I4210123288Qihe People's Hospital0.52486.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;1809
https://openalex.org/I4210106477Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences0.492156862745098073210.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Unreliable Data;1810
https://openalex.org/I224549313Punjab Medical College0.49206349206349204267.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1811
https://openalex.org/I24542750Khyber Medical University0.492063492063492041075.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;1812
https://openalex.org/I4210161392Kitano Hospital0.49166666666666677649.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1813
https://openalex.org/I282159120İstanbul Nişantaşı Üniversitesi0.49166666666666671122.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1814
https://openalex.org/I4210116927Central Texas Veterans Health Care System0.49166666666666675903.0Investigation by Company/Institution;Misconduct - Official Investigation(s) and/or Finding(s);Misconduct by Author;1815
https://openalex.org/I189575948South Valley University0.49090909090909096876.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Error in Data;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1816
https://openalex.org/I4210089590Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for Post Graduate Studies0.49090909090909091032.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1817
https://openalex.org/I75357094National Yunlin University of Science and Technology0.4861111111111111921.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1818
https://openalex.org/I4210147796University of Faisalabad0.4857142857142857604.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1819
https://openalex.org/I4210136897National Institute on Aging0.483333333333333393.0Error in Text;Updated to Expression of Concern;Updated to Retraction;1820
https://openalex.org/I84339108Sunway University0.4809523809523809439.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1821
https://openalex.org/I240666556Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University0.47777777777777775754.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1822
https://openalex.org/I157386601North South University0.47619047619047616764.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1823
https://openalex.org/I55141112National Defence University of Malaysia0.47619047619047616321.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1824
https://openalex.org/I114832834Tulane University0.476190476190476163616.5Breach of Policy by Author;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Error in Image;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1825
https://openalex.org/I180634299University of Sistan and Baluchestan0.476190476190476162101.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1826
https://openalex.org/I165230279Universitas Gadjah Mada0.47619047619047616852.5Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Conflict of Interest;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1827
https://openalex.org/I143578492Asia University0.476190476190476161200.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Updated to Retraction;1828
https://openalex.org/I69425150Imam Khomeini International University0.476190476190476161851.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1829
https://openalex.org/I70703428Palacký University Olomouc0.476190476190476161550.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1830
https://openalex.org/I4210127412Islamic Azad University, Omidieh Branch0.476190476190476161444.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1831
https://openalex.org/I106118109Eötvös Loránd University0.47619047619047616470.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1832
https://openalex.org/I110757952Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava0.476190476190476161550.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1833
https://openalex.org/I165690674Oregon Health & Science University0.476190476190476162936.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Animal Welfare;Concerns/Issues about Image;Contamination of Cell Lines/Tissues;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1834
https://openalex.org/I3131952115Kaduna Polytechnic0.47619047619047616961.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1835
https://openalex.org/I79576946University of Pennsylvania0.45952380952380954049.0Cites Retracted Work;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Updated to Retraction;1836
https://openalex.org/I51826884Kocaeli Üniversitesi0.45833333333333331027.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1837
https://openalex.org/I181190671New York Medical College0.45833333333333335218.5Author Unresponsive;Bias Issues or Lack of Balance;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1838
https://openalex.org/I4210130008Government Dental College and Hospital0.4583333333333333433.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1839
https://openalex.org/I53110688University of Córdoba0.45833333333333331133.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Updated to Retraction;1840
https://openalex.org/I4210141757Astana Medical University0.45833333333333331476.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1841
https://openalex.org/I4390039285U-M Rogel Cancer Center0.45833333333333337305.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Company/Institution;1842
https://openalex.org/I1285204247Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center0.45396825396825397754.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1843
https://openalex.org/I55143463University of Turin0.452238.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1844
https://openalex.org/I298625061Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences0.45810.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1845
https://openalex.org/I63548447Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology0.45588.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1846
https://openalex.org/I4210127567Yancheng Third People's Hospital0.451092.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1847
https://openalex.org/I50632499Chongqing University of Technology0.45695.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1848
https://openalex.org/I39727005Dow University of Health Sciences0.45303.5Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1849
https://openalex.org/I4575257Hanyang University0.45602.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;False/Forged Authorship;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1850
https://openalex.org/I189949046Integral University0.45803.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Article;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Data;Error in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Removed;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1851
https://openalex.org/I189590672Kansas State University0.45539.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1852
https://openalex.org/I146367977Applied Science Private University0.45642.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1853
https://openalex.org/I126427551Damietta University0.45667.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1854
https://openalex.org/I4210115928Changhai Hospital0.451152.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1855
https://openalex.org/I4210163796Pudong New Area People's Hospital0.452198.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Plagiarism of Data;Plagiarism of Image;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1856
https://openalex.org/I37797678University of Uyo0.45789.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1857
https://openalex.org/I4210086801Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University0.452106.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;1858
https://openalex.org/I78577930Columbia University0.45426.0Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1859
https://openalex.org/I263913023International University of Africa0.4444444444444444344.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1860
https://openalex.org/I3131820683Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University0.4444444444444444267.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1861
https://openalex.org/I4210146205Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University0.44444444444444441163.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1862
https://openalex.org/I4210105124Second Hospital of Yichang0.4444444444444444660.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1863
https://openalex.org/I4210106585Quchan University of Advanced Technology0.442857142857142841263.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Data;Unreliable Image;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);1864
https://openalex.org/I1306687154Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir0.4409090909090909417.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1865
https://openalex.org/I170733385University of Applied Science and Technology0.43333333333333335266.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Error in Text;Updated to Retraction;1866
https://openalex.org/I4210129487Samarkand State Medical Institute0.433333333333333351050.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1867
https://openalex.org/I4210107879Tongren Hospital0.433333333333333352301.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1868
https://openalex.org/I64532579Qazvin University of Medical Sciences0.43333333333333335575.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Duplication of Data;Miscommunication with/by Author;Removed;Updated to Retraction;1869
https://openalex.org/I184598052Nishtar Medical College and Hospital0.4261904761904762292.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1870
https://openalex.org/I99297268University of Hassan II Casablanca0.4242424242424242597.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1871
https://openalex.org/I4210136908Universidad Norbert Wiener0.42142857142857143780.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1872
https://openalex.org/I145311948Johns Hopkins University0.419298245614035067649.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1873
https://openalex.org/I1289461252Indian Space Research Organisation0.417589763177998451418.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1874
https://openalex.org/I4210098226Institute of Materials Science0.416666666666666631686.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1875
https://openalex.org/I1286329397United States Geological Survey0.41666666666666663777.0Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Updated to Retraction;1876
https://openalex.org/I47838141Saint Louis University0.416666666666666631944.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);1877
https://openalex.org/I4210151929Nanning Normal University0.41666666666666663284.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1878
https://openalex.org/I196608512PES University0.416666666666666631075.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;False/Forged Authorship;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1879
https://openalex.org/I92178344Anhui University of Technology0.416666666666666631192.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1880
https://openalex.org/I4210152501China Power Engineering Consulting Group (China)0.41666666666666663762.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1881
https://openalex.org/I39063666University of Catania0.416666666666666631944.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);1882
https://openalex.org/I5518804BRAC University0.416666666666666631210.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1883
https://openalex.org/I169333911Gdańsk University of Technology0.41666666666666663554.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1884
https://openalex.org/I4210112820Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica0.416666666666666631493.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Error in Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1885
https://openalex.org/I335365548University of Swat0.41666666666666663672.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1886
https://openalex.org/I75092371University of Hradec Králové0.416666666666666631146.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1887
https://openalex.org/I4210153930Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital0.41666666666666663920.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1888
https://openalex.org/I4210117763Xinqiao Hospital0.416666666666666631632.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1889
https://openalex.org/I4210093963Islamic Azad University of Gachsaran0.41666666666666663922.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1890
https://openalex.org/I4210115078Middle Technical University0.416666666666666631197.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1891
https://openalex.org/I4210138903Qaemshahr Islamic Azad University0.41666666666666663887.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Company/Institution;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1892
https://openalex.org/I4387154413University of Sialkot0.41666666666666663877.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1893
https://openalex.org/I130218214Indonesia University of Education0.414285714285714261225.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1894
https://openalex.org/I39268498University of Isfahan0.4111111111111111674.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Image;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1895
https://openalex.org/I139858224M.J.P. Rohilkhand University0.41025641025641024195.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1896
https://openalex.org/I154526488Inserm0.40952380952380952769.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Error in Image;Error in Text;Updated to Retraction;1897
https://openalex.org/I107575416University of Aleppo0.40476190476190477210.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1898
https://openalex.org/I207789805Lahore University of Management Sciences0.41206.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Analyses;Error in Text;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1899
https://openalex.org/I2801517398Islamic University College0.4640.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1900
https://openalex.org/I4210113200Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University0.4490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1901
https://openalex.org/I3130511786Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management0.4640.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1902
https://openalex.org/I72341708University of Mohaghegh Ardabili0.4613.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1903
https://openalex.org/I3129448551Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology0.399801587301587271236.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1904
https://openalex.org/I2801518632Jinnah Sindh Medical University0.39444444444444443246.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1905
https://openalex.org/I4210105419Lahore Garrison University0.39285714285714285656.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1906
https://openalex.org/I3130021832Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University0.39285714285714285653.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1907
https://openalex.org/I35906937University of Misan0.39285714285714285105.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Error in Text;Updated to Retraction;1908
https://openalex.org/I191240316University of Hull0.39285714285714285350.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1909
https://openalex.org/I4210091861Universidad UTE0.38888888888888884388.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Plagiarism of Text;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1910
https://openalex.org/I111088046Boston University0.38596491228070173167.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;False/Forged Affiliation;False/Forged Authorship;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1911
https://openalex.org/I4210127922Golestan University of Medical Sciences0.38095238095238093594.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;1912
https://openalex.org/I198873322Golestan University0.38095238095238093594.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;1913
https://openalex.org/I114972647University of Jordan0.376984126984127256.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1914
https://openalex.org/I4210120238PowerChina (China)0.3761904761904762298.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1915
https://openalex.org/I116528569European University of Lefke0.375961.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Misconduct - Official Investigation(s) and/or Finding(s);Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1916
https://openalex.org/I155028946Tribhuvan University0.375319.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1917
https://openalex.org/I137996928Selçuk University0.3751395.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1918
https://openalex.org/I36373038Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine0.3756296.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Company/Institution;1919
https://openalex.org/I4391012626King Salman International University0.3751026.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1920
https://openalex.org/I171003132Rawalpindi Medical University0.3686868686868687250.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Data;1921
https://openalex.org/I160606119University of Tennessee Health Science Center0.3666666666666667546.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1922
https://openalex.org/I1328775524Zhejiang Sci-Tech University0.3666666666666667489.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1923
https://openalex.org/I4210147955Bangladesh University of Business and Technology0.3666666666666667714.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1924
https://openalex.org/I185203018King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences0.3666666666666667452.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1925
https://openalex.org/I2799853436Johns Hopkins Medicine0.36666666666666677781.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1926
https://openalex.org/I4210154218University of Science and Technology Bannu0.36666666666666671012.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1927
https://openalex.org/I277213931Alrafidain University College0.3666666666666667970.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1928
https://openalex.org/I4210111013Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital0.36666666666666672808.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Article;Duplication of/in Image;Error in Data;Euphemisms for Duplication;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Data;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1929
https://openalex.org/I3131826223The Sanskrit College and University0.3666666666666667454.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1930
https://openalex.org/I72563045Mody University of Science and Technology0.3666666666666667725.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1931
https://openalex.org/I183935753King's College London0.36666666666666671794.5Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1932
https://openalex.org/I165932596National University of Singapore0.36666666666666671708.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Animal Welfare;Concerns/Issues about Image;Contamination of Cell Lines/Tissues;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1933
https://openalex.org/I4210105365Qujing Normal University0.3666666666666667555.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;1934
https://openalex.org/I137265801Osmaniye Korkut Ata University0.36666666666666671378.5Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1935
https://openalex.org/I4210154083Semnan University of Medical Sciences0.3666666666666667308.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Data;1936
https://openalex.org/I4210150196Kyoto University Hospital0.36666666666666677781.5Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1937
https://openalex.org/I4210157221Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie0.36666666666666671548.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Error in Text;Investigation by Company/Institution;1938
https://openalex.org/I4210138988King Khalid University Hospital0.3626373626373626810.0Breach of Policy by Author;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Error in Image;Error in Methods;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Manipulation of Images;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1939
https://openalex.org/I87216513Michigan State University0.3611111111111111568.0Copyright Claims;1940
https://openalex.org/I27837315University of Michigan0.357575757575757551132.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1941
https://openalex.org/I4210123471Institut d'électronique de microélectronique et de nanotechnologie0.357575757575757551028.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Article;Investigation by Third Party;1942
https://openalex.org/I4400573189Al-Mustaqbal University0.35694444444444445418.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Image;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Duplication of/in Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Manipulation of Images;1943
https://openalex.org/I114432678Tafila Technical University0.35119047619047616488.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1944
https://openalex.org/I57570584Udmurt State University0.35717.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1945
https://openalex.org/I4210165210Universidad Continental0.35739.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1946
https://openalex.org/I169108374University of the Basque Country0.35405.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Euphemisms for Plagiarism;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of Image;1947
https://openalex.org/I85430964Jinzhou Medical University0.35583.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1948
https://openalex.org/I142444530University of Trieste0.35745.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1949
https://openalex.org/I4210121966Veterinary & Animal Husbandry0.351047.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1950
https://openalex.org/I4210149920William Harvey Research Institute0.342857142857142861857.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Duplication of Data;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1951
https://openalex.org/I4210156111Selangor Business School0.342857142857142861153.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1952
https://openalex.org/I189158943University of Milan0.342857142857142863269.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Error in Text;Updated to Retraction;1953
https://openalex.org/I4210142209John von Neumann University0.342857142857142861105.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1954
https://openalex.org/I60587646Brno University of Technology0.34285714285714286879.0Breach of Policy by Author;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Rogue Editor;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1955
https://openalex.org/I155284866Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana0.34285714285714286880.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1956
https://openalex.org/I45509622Indian Agricultural Research Institute0.342857142857142861641.5Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1957
https://openalex.org/I226983648Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies0.34285714285714286589.5Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1958
https://openalex.org/I118292597National Taipei University of Technology0.342857142857142862049.5Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1959
https://openalex.org/I2803066834Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico0.342857142857142863269.5Concerns/Issues about Article;Error in Text;Updated to Retraction;1960
https://openalex.org/I205401836National Institute for Materials Science0.34285714285714286916.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);1961
https://openalex.org/I4210106526Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources0.342857142857142860.0Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Notice - Limited or No Information;Removed;1962
https://openalex.org/I162147314Hungarian National Bank0.342857142857142861105.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1963
https://openalex.org/I4210136213First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College0.3333333333333333695.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1964
https://openalex.org/I916559398Kindai University0.33333333333333335547.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Duplication of/in Image;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Data;1965
https://openalex.org/I917184967Bank of China0.33333333333333331225.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1966
https://openalex.org/I91727514Novosibirsk State Technical University0.3333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1967
https://openalex.org/I4210136103Tashkent Chemical-Technological Institute0.3333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1968
https://openalex.org/I91951123Cheng Shiu University0.33333333333333331463.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Error in Text;1969
https://openalex.org/I2800164252Karagandy State University0.3333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1970
https://openalex.org/I65181880Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad0.3333333333333333334.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1971
https://openalex.org/I192535658Catholic University College of Ghana0.3333333333333333453.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1972
https://openalex.org/I4391767850Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Livestock and Biotechnologies0.3333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1973
https://openalex.org/I4401041622Chengdu Technological University0.3333333333333333115.0Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;1974
https://openalex.org/I4400573296Zhenjiang College0.33333333333333332694.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1975
https://openalex.org/I2801112325Sahlgrenska University Hospital0.33333333333333332132.0Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1976
https://openalex.org/I4400573222Colorado Technical University0.33333333333333332078.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1977
https://openalex.org/I4210135807Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine0.3333333333333333501.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1978
https://openalex.org/I4210122543Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University0.3333333333333333547.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1979
https://openalex.org/I4210124239Shanghai Xiandai Architectural Design0.33333333333333331294.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1980
https://openalex.org/I4210124021Bule Hora University0.3333333333333333707.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1981
https://openalex.org/I92449659Isra University0.33333333333333332139.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Duplication of/in Article;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1982
https://openalex.org/I2800552397Bread for the World Institute0.33333333333333333203.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s);1983
https://openalex.org/I2800393352China Tourism Academy0.3333333333333333483.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1984
https://openalex.org/I2800370534Sheng Jing Hospital0.3333333333333333231.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1985
https://openalex.org/I2799899675Central Conservatory of Music0.33333333333333331333.0Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Conflict of Interest;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1986
https://openalex.org/I45756140Hanoi University of Industry0.3333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;1987
https://openalex.org/I4210123600Hôpital Edouard Herriot0.3333333333333333216.0Compromised Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1988
https://openalex.org/I2800188116Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza0.33333333333333332537.0Duplication of/in Article;Euphemisms for Duplication;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1989
https://openalex.org/I4210135719Médipole Garonne0.33333333333333332729.0Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Plagiarism of/in Article;1990
https://openalex.org/I4210121917Chinese People's Armed Police General Hospital0.33333333333333334166.0Author Unresponsive;Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare;Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance;1991
https://openalex.org/I4210121761First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University0.3333333333333333283.0Concerns/Issues about Peer Review;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1992
https://openalex.org/I160977438West Ukrainian National University0.3333333333333333421.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;1993
https://openalex.org/I66514158Hacettepe University0.33333333333333332748.0Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1994
https://openalex.org/I4432739University of Bergen0.3333333333333333111.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1995
https://openalex.org/I4403928403Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center0.33333333333333335740.0Concerns/Issues about Data;Concerns/Issues about Image;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1996
https://openalex.org/I4403386519Shandong University of Arts0.33333333333333332072.0Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content;Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement;Compromised Peer Review;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Paper Mill;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1997
https://openalex.org/I2800288331Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein0.33333333333333331871.0Cites Retracted Work;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;1998
https://openalex.org/I4210119819Université Mohammed VI des Sciences de la Santé0.3333333333333333248.0Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Objections by Author(s);1999
https://openalex.org/I4394709282Samarkand branch of Tashkent State University of Economics0.3333333333333333490.0Concerns/Issues about Article;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Investigation by Company/Institution;2000
Run checks
These checks validate that attribution weights are well-formed and that the derived time-to-retraction metric is plausible.
checkpasseddetail
DOI master unique DOIsTrueunique=3974 rows=3974
TTR non-negativeTruemin_ttr_days=0
Country weights sum to 1Truemax_abs_error=0.000e+00
Institution weights sum to 1Truemax_abs_error=0.000e+00
Environment
Snapshot taken at report generation time.
Python 3.12.12 · Linux-6.6.105+-x86_64-with-glibc2.35
Process memory 612.5 MB